The route to war can be shorter than we thought.

Energy infrastructure is the key target in hybrid operations. The hybrid operations have two stages. 

1) Cyber and information operations. That thing can tighten the atmosphere. 

2) Sabotage. When somebody harms the physical infrastructure. Like open transformer stations or railways. That can cause losses of life. When somebody uses physical tools to cause harm, that can cause deaths, if the operators are not sharp. 

Those things can cause economic disasters. And economic disasters can cause internal and external pressure. And in a tight situation. It is possible. That somebody puts spark in the powder. 

We live today in the time of strained international relations. That means that the world is apparently at peace. But things like cyber attacks. They're going on all the time. Those cyber attacks mean trolls. Fake news and things like hijacking homepages. Those kinds of things are meant to cheat opponents. Those information operations mean. 

Support for the political movements. That supports some participants’ ideology. We think that this new cold war is the conflict between Russia and NATO. But there are many other participants. Those other participants are China, and many other countries that have their own interests to guard. And the Ukrainian war is only the visible part of the giant game of power. The power of raw materials and technology. 

This allows the winner to control the world. Things. Like rare earth metals are important in the modern microchip industry. The green energy. Or energy that doesn’t need fossil fuels. Let's the people and nations that invest in the petrochemical industry. And natural gas and oil without incoming money. This thing takes a giant income out of the Arab and Putin’s hands. And that is one of the things that we must realise. 

Information operations can spread into hybrid operations. Those hybrid operations involve threats to leading politicians. And one thing that we must understand is that the steps to full-scale global warfare go through the global economic disasters. 

The route to war: 

1) Information operations. Information operations, or psychological operations (INFO-OPS, PSY-OPS), have a purpose. It is to turn the public opinion. To support the operator's own goals. The fact is that those operators can sell their services to political movements. And the back gift can be that the political movement supports those operators’ policy. The information that is used is very emotional. 

2) Information operations spread into hybrid operations. There is always a possibility that, when the physical components are used in operations. Somebody makes miscalculations. And that causes deaths and injuries.

There is a possibility that a jet engine sucks a drone into it. Or the explosive drone kills some people. When its users want to detonate open substations. 

3) Fear or some other things take the trustworthiness from economics. That reflects the economic situation. 

4) Falling economies form internal socio-economic tensions. That causes disorders. 

5) And the rumors and other things turn into a full-scale military escalation. 

Information operations. It can take trust away. From some important economic structures. That means that the information operations. Or faked and propagandistic ways exaggerate the economic problems. Or they cause a situation. That investors escape. Because. They affraid. Of their investments and their personal safety.  That causes a series of bankruptcies. And then the internal disorders cause a situation where full-scale conflicts begin. 

When information operations accelerate, they will turn into hybrid operations. In hybrid operations. It is possible to damage the opponent's infrastructure. 

The purpose of those attacks is to deliver fear. That means those attacks can involve. The use of drones. With explosives against the electric infrastructure. If the atmosphere is full of fear and aggression. Those drone strikes can exacerbate the political and social atmosphere. If the user of those drones is not careful. That can cause deaths. 

And it's a big risk that somebody dies in those operations. Those ultimate hybrid operations can involve assassinations and other violent escalations. Those kind of things causes the requirement. For Counter-Strike. That opens the road. To the full-scale military actions against the opponent. This kind of scenario is frightening. And if the opponent cannot respond with conventional warfare. That causes the use of nuclear weapons. 

Black holes never shrink.

“When two black holes collide and merge, they release gravitational waves. These waves can be detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detectors on Earth, allowing scientists to determine the mass and spin of the black holes. The clearest black hole merger signal yet, named GW250114, recorded by LIGO in January 2025, offers new insights into these mysterious cosmic giants. Credit: Maggie Chiang for Simons Foundation” (ScitechDaily, Hawking Was Right: New Data Confirms Black Holes Never Shrink)

A black hole loses its mass, not its size. 

Hawking was right. The merged black hole’s surface area is as large as the merged black hole's total surface area. That means back holes don’t shrink. So, black holes don’t shrink when they send gravitational waves. The reason for that is in the universe’s expansion. The quantum fields that press a black hole into its form turn weaker. So, if that model is true, the reason for gravitational waves is in the universe’s expansion. When quantum fields turn weaker, they allow a black hole to send gravitational waves. We can think of a black hole as an onion with multiple internal structures. 

Or, shells. And the most out of those shells is the event horizon. When the gravitational wave travels out from the black hole, it sends one of its shells outside the black hole. And then the inner shell takes that escaped shell’s position. So the black hole’s size will be the same, because the energy, or quantum field that presses the black hole in its form, turns weaker. This means black holes’ evaporation does not have an effect on the black hole’s size. When the quantum field around it turns weaker.

A black hole sends so much energy. It can keep its energy level relatively at the same level as it was when the black hole formed. But what does that mean? If the end of the universe is the so-called big rip or big freeze, that means that in the very end of the universe, black holes’ existence ends. They release information that they stored inside their event horizon. But if the end of the universe is the Big Crunch, that means that the black holes start to grow. The model goes like this. The expansion of the universe continues.

But because the universe turns colder, the energy level of visible and dark energy decreases. The universe also leaks. Energy and radiation will travel out from the universe faster than particles . This means that. Gravity starts to win. When the universe’s expansion ends, and it starts to fall, the energy level and density of its quantum fields start to rise. That effect starts to pack material. And energy to the black holes. This means the black holes can expand. Or their size will be the same.

But anyway. Black holes start to travel. To each other. And in the ultimate fate, all black holes that pulled all radiation into them fall into the same point. The reason why the large black hole exists longer than the small one is. Because its surface area is larger. The outside quantum fields can press that black hole from a larger area than a small black hole. The surface area of a large black hole is relatively smaller. Than small black holes. That means energy loss in large black holes is smaller than in small black holes. So, a small black hole is less energy efficient than a large black hole. This means that a large black hole can exist. In lower-density areas. Than the small ones. This model raises interesting questions. If the density of the quantum and plasma fields around the black hole turns higher. 

Does the black hole stop sending gravitational waves? This requires that quantum fields and particles fall into the black hole symmetrically. When a black hole sends its most out shell away, that pulls radiation longer. Or traveling shell wraps the quantum field shorter in front of the traveling shell. And then. The valley or traveling ditch. Travels behind that short wavelength structure. 

But if the material and energy density around a black hole suddenly rises, that thing can deny the escape of the outermost shell. This means that if a black hole suddenly impacts a nebula. Or energy density in the way. Those particles. And energy impacts symmetrically with it. So, if a black hole pulls a nebula or some quantum field around it in symmetrical form, that symmetrical energy load can push radiation back into the black hole. 

https://scitechdaily.com/hawking-was-right-new-data-confirms-black-holes-never-shrink/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universe-will-end-in-a-big-crunch-physicists-warns/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

Quarks and gluons. Particles that form a proton and a neutron.

“Graphic showing the transverse motion of a quark (green sphere) inside a proton whose spin is aligned to its direction of motion (large yellow arrow). Credit: Image courtesy of Valerie Lentz/Brookhaven National Laboratory.” (ScitechDaily, How Do Quarks Really Move? New Theory Unlocks Decades-Old Physics Mystery)

Quarks are fermions. And gluons are bosons. That transports strong nuclear interaction. How do quarks really move? That thing can tell us about. The new things about the strong nuclear interaction. New models suggest that quarks have 3D movement tracks in a proton. And that causes an idea. The gluon, a boson that transmits the strong nuclear interaction, can simply spin between quarks. That spin forms a small “tornado” between quarks. 

That tornado is the bond. That keeps those quarks. Under one entirety. Because that particle spins, it binds energy to it. And then that particle forms the quantum low-pressure between quarks. When gluon spin slows, that turns the pulling effect of the strong nuclear interaction weaker. If that gluon turns around or its spin direction turns opposite. That causes the effect. The gluon will send an energy impulse. 

From it. In that moment, the quantum low pressure between quarks will be removed. And that pushes those particles away from each other. The quark’s 3D movement forms when some asymmetrical force impacts it. The knowledge of the quarks' behavior. increases the knowledge of the strong nuclear interaction. Because the spin speed of the gluon might not be stable. In the same way, the interaction between protons and electrons can change. And that causes an anomaly in the quark’s trajectory. 

When a quark that may also spin collects energy from around it and from the quantum tornado. Or string it sometimes sends its extra energy away from it as some kind of particle. If the quark spins. It’s possible that the quark and gluon that connect two quarks spin into opposite directions to the tornado that connects those quarks into one entirety. There is a possibility that if a very low-energy free gluon impacts a particle, it removes energy from the gluon that connects quarks under one entity. 

That slows the gluon speed. And maybe that thing can release the bond that keeps the quark in its position. Another devastating possibility can be that the extremely high-energy free gluons can send an energy impulse to the material around them. Those high-energy impulses can cause oscillation in gluons that keep protons and neutrons together. If that energy impulse suddenly stops, gluons between quarks send an energy impulse. And those impulses can fill those quantum low-pressure channels. That rips protons and neutrons into pieces. 

https://scitechdaily.com/how-do-quarks-really-move-new-theory-unlocks-decades-old-physics-mystery/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

 

The lack of competition can be dangerous. Even to national security.

The law of supply and demand plays a key role in capitalism. Capitalism guarantees competition. And competition guarantees quality. That’s how people justify capitalism. The main argument in those cases is that competition guarantees quality. But in some cases, we must ask. Is competition. Some kind of fata morgana? There is a possibility that a single person owns company clusters, and those clusters of companies look like. Technically separated, but acting under one command. It can form a monopoly that authorities cannot recognize. 

The problem with ultimate capitalism is that only people who have money can get an education. This happens. When the capitalistic ideology. Goes so far. That other than basic education is for a fee. This causes a situation. There are people who own companies starting to sit around the same tables. With people who should monitor those companies. This means higher education. Those educations are required. For the high-ranking governmental positions, as well as in the head of the multinational corporations. 

Accumulates in the same families. In the worst cases, legislative, executive, and financial and economic power accumulates in the hands of the same people. Politicians require financial support for their campaigns. They need marketing space and people who support them. So, if some financial leaders promise things like factories in the same political area, if some politicians are elected, that thing can guarantee votes. 

This means that people who have a lot of money and a lot of business. It can offer many things to people. When business life accumulates in the same hands. That means the competition can be lost. That can cause a similar effect to a socialist system. There was no competition. Made to products. Made in the Soviet Union. In capitalism. The same person can own multiple companies. There is a possibility that some production sectors can accumulate. In the hands of the same person. 

Those things called monopolies are often denied by governments. There are competition authorities whose mission is to deny monopolies. But it's possible to own multiple companies that are separate on paper. But nothing denies that the same person can own multiple, technically separated companies. Those ownerships can be done over a chain of companies. If these companies are listed in many countries. That can cover the monopoly. Another interesting thing is cases where makers of products. 

Only governments have access to buy make fusions. That means that. There will be a lack of competition. In that case. When the government buys some jet fighters. They need something where they can make a selection. In the worst case, there is only one offender. And in this case, there are no competitors. There are no dogfight simulation opponents. That should guarantee the quality of those products. There is a possibility that the same people who offer those products. 

These are the same people who accept those products. There is a possibility that people who own things. Like banks will own multiple companies through that bank. Another way. To make of this operation. It is simple. To establish an investment company. Those investment companies can buy stocks. And one version. It is to eliminate. A competitor is to buy the majority of the competitor’s stock. That means. The company can buy its competitor. Away from the market. This is one of the things. That has an effect on national security. Lack of competitors. Makes it hard to test systems. And there is a possibility. That some unqualified system passes the screen. If it will not be tested against its competitor. 

 

Can the universe's expansion really slow down?

"Evidence suggests the universe’s expansion has started to slow, not accelerate. The results imply dark energy is weakening and evolving faster than previously believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (Scitechdaily, Evidence suggests the universe’s expansion has started to slow, not accelerate. The results imply dark energy is weakening and evolving faster than previously believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Evidence suggests the universe’s expansion has started to slow, not accelerate. The results imply dark energy is weakening and evolving faster than previously believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com)

The new evidence suggests that dark energy also becomes weaker. That is one of the reasons why researchers start to think that the universe’s expansion might be slowing. This means that Einstein was only partially right. Einstein’s model suggests that dark energy has a constant, or static, power. But if dark energy is released during the Big Bang, that means the universe’s expansion causes a situation where the same dark energy must fill a larger universe. And that thing means. That dark energy turns weaker. Like all other interactions. 

Turn weaker. So can gravity win, and cause the Big Crunch? Gravity also turns weaker. That means. The expansion of the universe. Makes dark energy advance. Because distances between objects increase. This is one way to predict the ultimate fate of the universe. But if we think. That Einstein was right and the dark energy is static and constant, which means the origin of the dark energy is outside the universe. If dark energy forms outside the universe, that means there should be some kind of wave movement. 

Dark energy means. Free energy that should rip the universe in pieces. There is a possibility that dark energy. It can also have some kind of interaction with dark matter. Dark matter means. A strange gravitational effect that is the second-dominating thing in the universe. Dark matter can have a particle form. Those hypothetical particles called weakly interacting massive particles WIMPs are suggested as the things that can form dark matter. In that model, dark energy forms. During dark matter particle interactions.

What is the role of cosmic voids in dark energy and dark matter? 

But maybe dark matter. Form in entropy in energy, or quantum fields. When the universe expands, its size grows. That forms more space between particles. And then. That space makes it possible. That there form whirls and bubbles in those fields. Those bubbles are like miniature cosmic voids. And if there is some void, that means the energy field starts to fall into it. The four fundamental interactions. Gravity, electromagnetism. And weak and strong nuclear interactions. Have particle and wave movement forms. The wavelength of those interactions determines which force the wave movement transports. So, every fundamental interaction has its own wavelength. It’s possible that there forms some kind of vacuum in some of those four interactions. 

That means. If there are no weak nuclear force fields. That destroys the atomic nucleus. So do the cosmic voids, like the Boötes void, have some kind of connection with dark energy? The question is: What causes dark energy to move?  Things like cosmic voids are areas where it seems to be no matter. There is a possibility that those voids form when the universe expands. If the expansion rips an energy field in the universe. That can form the cosmic void. 

But another reason for cosmic voids can be. Some extremely high-energy reaction. That forms a shockwave that creates the void. But there is also a possibility that the cosmic void forms in situations. Where some of the four fundamental interactions are missing in some areas. If the strong interaction, as an example, is missing, that thing rips protons and neutrons in pieces. So can the bubble that forms. As an example, in a strong nuclear force field. That destroys protons and neutrons. Or maybe. The relationship between the strong nuclear interaction. Pushing and pulling effects are disturbing. This can cause the material to rip into pieces. If there is a strong radiation effect, the wavelength is the same as the size of the quarks, which can also break protons and neutrons into pieces. 

https://scitechdaily.com/is-einsteins-cosmological-constant-wrong-new-data-suggests-dark-energy-is-evolving/

https://scitechdaily.com/is-the-universe-slowing-down-stunning-new-evidence-says-yes/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-einstein-was-only-half-right-nasas-new-test-for-dark-energy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boötes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

The minitanks are coming back.

“Meet FireAnt: US firm unveils mini ‘tank-killer’ robot built to hunt heavy armor” (MSN)

Have you ever heard of TK and TKS tankettes? Those little reconnaissance vehicles used by the Polish army in 1939. They were helpless against the Panzer IV. The reason for that was the lack of lightweight and effective anti-tank weapons. The 30-40 mm gun with a hollow grenade (HEAT). Or a bazooka could make those systems a little bit more effective than they were. 

There are models. If those small vehicles can carry anti-tank weapons. Like heavy bazookas or modern anti-tank missiles, they could be more useful as support vehicles. In some models. Those TKS vehicles’ modern variants. Can operate as the unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) that can be wire- or AI-guided systems. 

Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) can make reconnaissance missions. Or they can shoot enemies. Those systems can also. Make kamikaze missions. Like other drones. Other drones or manned systems can also transport those UGV-drones to their operational area. And they can attack the main battle tanks, or if they are released to places like airbases, those systems can move. In places. Like aircraft bunkers. The kamikaze version can also carry anti-tank missiles. And they can be dangerous to any targets. There are also scenarios introduced that UGVs can look like. Even a limousine. 

“TK prototype nr. 6007 in its final form with roof hatches open. According to the TK-3 standard (it might be a rebuilt TK-2). Note a horizontal angle of MG fire and two side observation hatches, present in early series TK-3 only.” (Wikipedia,. TKS)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXexKLje4N4

“German demolition vehicles "Goliath" E-Motor” (Wikipedia, Goliath tracked mine)

“A Gladiator tactical unmanned ground vehicle” (Wikipedia, Unmanned ground vehicle)

Those systems can slip in places like drug cartel bosses' mansions. And then detonate themselves there. In some versions. Some presidents’ personal limousine. Or its copy is loaded with a neutron bomb. And then detonate in some airbases. These kinds of systems are always possible to make. The worst version of those robot systems can be trucks. That drive to the military base. And detonate themselves. There was once a suspicion that Ukrainians used a remotely controlled truck to detonate the bridge that connects the Crimean peninsula to Russia. 

The idea of ground-moving UGV is not new. The first versions of those systems were operated by the German military in 1944. Those ground-moving, remotely detonated mines called “Goliaths”  successfully operated in the Warsaw street fights during the Warsaw Uprising. The UGV is basically a car bomb that can operate in many areas. The flexibility of those systems makes them very dangerous. The large-sized UGV drone can release other drones from its cargo systems. So, when some guards stop that vehicle at the gates, drone swarms can be released. 

The human-shaped robots that mimic humans make those systems even harder to control. We all heard about the ultra-realistic baby dolls. That looks like real human babies. But there is a possibility of creating a human-shaped robot. That looks like Vladimir Putin. The robot can walk into the headquarters and then detonate itself. The robot can also sit in the limousine's backseat. When that remotely controlled system travels in the military base. Those things are real threats in modern times. 

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/meet-fireant-us-firm-unveils-mini-tank-killer-robot-built-to-hunt-heavy-armor/ar-AA1PQpqc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath_tracked_mine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TKS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_ground_vehicle

The hidden side of light can transform electronics.

“Illustrative scenario of HHG at Terahertz frequencies, induced by the pumping of a 2.5 W power THz QCL on a Topological insulator SRR. Credit: Alessandra Di Gaspare et al.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Unlock a Hidden Side of Light That Could Transform Technology)

Optical data transmission is much safer. Than radiowave transmission. Ultra-secure laser data transmission has one little problem. Those laser rays don’t travel through the walls. It’s easy to jam the laser data transmitter simply by putting a wall between the transmitter and receiver. There is a possibility of using some other types of electromagnetic radiation to transmit data. One of those radiation types is terahertz radiation. 

What if you can break light into the terahertz (THz) area and then turn it back to light? This could make a new advance in electronics. It’s possible to make new and faster communication. By using light and THz radiation together. In the simplest binary systems, the THz radiation can mean zero, and the light can mean one. If those bits are numbered, the system can transmit data very fast. But the thing. That makes THz radiation a very interesting tool; it is a simple thing. THz radiation can travel through walls. That allows researchers to create a communication system that is. Hard to eavesdrop. If the system can transform the radiation wavelength. between Thz and light. This makes it easier to cover information. 

“A new global study uncovers surprising behavior in the universe’s most elusive particles, hinting at answers to why anything exists at all. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, This Strange Particle May Hold Clues to the Universe’s Biggest Secrets)

The ability to transmit data through walls is one of the things. That limits the quantum network creation. One of those solutions can be a low-power X-ray laser. Those systems are dangerous to humans, but it's possible to aim for coherent X-ray radiation. Makes it possible to position those systems. To a level. Their radiation will not touch people. 

Another possibility to transmit data in qubits is neutrinos. A neutrino is a so-called ghost particle that can travel through walls and even through planets and stars.  Those particles can allow for the transmission of data as real qubits. In the perfect quantum networks, data that travels in the qubits is connected to particles. The system can work like this: the network stops the neutrino at the beginning of the nano-tube-based system. 

There, the system can transport data into that neutrino qubit. And then send it through the quantum network. In those systems, the lasers can aim the qubit in the right direction. The system uses laser LEDs like a pinball. Those systems push neutrinos into the right tracks. This system requires a lot of new technology. The ability to create neutrino qubits would be as fundamental a thing as the internet itself. The neutrinos’ features make them very hard to control.  But maybe. They can someday transport data over the quantum networks. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-unlock-a-hidden-side-of-light-that-could-transform-technology/

https://scitechdaily.com/this-strange-particle-may-hold-clues-to-the-universes-biggest-secrets/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit