Dark matter and dark energy can have more than one source.

"Protons are messy on the inside. Made of three main quarks (illustrated with large spheres), the particles also harbor a constantly shifting collection of transient quarks and antiquarks (smaller spheres) and gluons (squiggles) that bind the quarks together."(ScienceNews, Protons’ antimatter is even more lopsided than we thought)

"The proton’s antimatter is out of whack. An imbalance between two types of antiparticles that seethe within the proton is even wonkier than previously thought, a new measurement indicates."(ScienceNews, Protons’ antimatter is even more lopsided than we thought)

Protons are built from t­hree quarks — two “up” quarks and one “down” quark. But they also contain a roiling sea of transient quarks and antiquarks that fluctuate into existence before swiftly annihilating one another. Within that sea, down antiquarks outnumber up antiquarks, measurements revealed in the 1990s. And that lopsidedness persists in a realm of quark momenta previously unexplored, researchers from the SeaQuest experiment at Fermilab in Batavia, Ill., report February 24 in Nature." (ScienceNews, Protons’ antimatter is even more lopsided than we thought)

One of the things that could explain dark energy and dark matter is distant antimatter-matter annihilations. When two particles another matter and another antimatter collide. That forms the high-power energy impact. In that reaction, both particles turn into energy. And that can explain where that matter is gone. Distant antimatter-matter annihilation can also form short-term bubbles in the quantum fields. And those bubbles can act like particles. When those bubbles are filled, those things are gone. And the energy that those particles released can form dark matter. It’s possible that the particles that annihilate are not positron-electron pairs.

 There is a possibility that those particles are quark-antiquark pairs in a proton. When a proton goes into the low-energy area or into a weak quantum field, those quarks can move away from each other, because the quantum fields around them turn weaker. That expands the proton and gives space there those quarks and antiquarks to move.  In that case, those quarks and antiquarks will touch each other. In normal cases, the outside quantum field pushes the proton into its form. In that case quark doesn’t touch its antiquark pair. But when the proton expands, that allows those particles to move. And then those quark-antiquark pairs can touch each other. 

Above, the object is in its gravity pothole. 

The nature of gravity is that the gravity makes an energy pothole in the spacetime. The reason for that is that the gravity center binds energy into itself. When an object is in its gravity pothole, the side coming energy pumps energy into that particle. The spin binds energy into kinetic form. And the particle can start sending it away from its poles or spin axis. That forms the wave-structure that can turn into a Lorentz (strange) attractor. That structure can pump energy into a particle, and that can transform the particle into a black hole, if it cannot realease that energy. The size of the pothole or the energy and material whirl around the particle determines when it can release its energy. If that pothole is large enough, that thing can cause a situation where the object turns into a black hole. 

Maybe there is more than one thing that causes effects that we know as dark matter and dark energy. Quasiparticles like excitons can act like they are real matter. Things like expansion of the universe, and small energy channels through space can cause effect that looks like dark energy and dark matter. 

Dark matter is one of the most interesting unsolved mysteries. The problem with that thing is simple. Nobody has seen dark matter particles. That means some researchers want to disprove the dark matter theorem.  There are solutions that can explain dark matter without dark matter particles. There are theories about the “free excitons” and fast-spinning particles that quantum fields are spinning so fast that they throw radiation that bypasses them. That phenomenon can be described as a quantum-level, or subatomic-size, Meissner effect. The particle drives electromagnetic fields past them. And that causes a situation where the particle acts like a stealth surface; its radiation slides over it. 

The free exciton model means. There is a hole, or a lower energy point, in the quantum field. And if there is some kind of energy ring surrounding that thing, this kind of virtual particle can put energy into a flow.  There is also a possibility that the lower energy area around galaxies and galactic superclusters causes a situation in which those particles and wave movement accelerate faster than calculated. If those particles travel in some kind of electromagnetic wormhole, or electromagnetic tornado. 

That can cause the so-called maser effect. That pumps energy to those particles. That thing. Makes those particles higher energy than they should. And when particles come out from the electromagnetic wormhole, they release their extra energy. And if those particles traveled through the wormhole, it would be on a higher energy level than it should be. In this case particle is more massive than it should be. And maybe that explains dark energy. 

“Artist’s impression of two nuclear spins, remotely entangled via the geometric gate applied via the electron. Credit: Tony Melov / UNSW Sydney” (ScitechDaily, “Like Talking on the Telephone” – Quantum Breakthrough Lets Individual Atoms Chat Like Never Before)

The nature of gravity is one of the things that can put energy. Into moving. Faster than it should. There is a possibility that the gravitational field looks like Lorentz’s Strange attractor, or, Lorenz attractor. When the gravitational center spins, it pulls those bubbles into it. When those bubbles or sides of “lying 8” travel to the gravitational center, that transforms them into kinetic energy. They pull particles and wave movement with them. That means this model explains that gravitation is the opposite of wave movement. If wave movement travels into the center, it pulls the fields and particles with it. In that case. The side coming field tries to fill the space that the field. That the wave movement took with it, leaving behind. When a wave takes a field with it, it is like a string that leaves micro- or quantum whirls behind it. Those whirls can condense the EM field. 

There is also a possibility that the particle goes into a Lorentz attractor, a shaped energy field. If there is a higher energy particle on the other side of the attractor. Or energy travels outside into the attractor, which means the attractor pumps energy into the particle. If Energy travels out from the middle of the particle, that forms a situation where the particle accelerates energy fields. Those energy needles are very thin and hard to detect. And the main question is, what puts energy into motion, and what causes the gravitational effect; that origin is unknown. One of the answers could be the energy movement in energy fields, which takes particles and other fields with it. In some models, colliding quarks and other subatomic particles cause effects that we know as dark energy. 

Above: The model of a wormhole. 

And of course, the real wormholes. Or the gravitational wormholes can explain dark energy and dark matter. If a particle travels through the Einstein-Rosen bridge, it will not lose its energy. That means the particle is also more massive than it should be. When a particle comes out from the Einstein-Rosen bridge, or wormhole, it releases its energy. At that point, the particle also loses its mass. This model explains dark energy and dark matter as particles that traveled through the wormhole. And when they came out of that tunnel, they released their energy immediately. That energy release removes their weight and turns them into regular particles. There is a possibility that a wormhole cannot transmit anything other than radiation or elementary particles. 

In some models, the superstrings, or ring-shaped energy fields, can act like matter. When those energy rings spin, they bind quantum fields into them. And this means that the dark energy and dark matter are the effects that form in field interactions. When the wheel-shaped energy fields touch each other. That forms the soliton, or “electric arc” that turns energy denser than it should. 

The black hole interaction is very complicated. The magnetic field switches on and off. And that causes the plasmon eruptions. But also things like relativistic jets are traveling in space. Those jets can travel in an electromagnetic tunnel that pumps energy into relativistic jets. And also when wave movement travels through plasmons, that increases their energy level. That means there might not be only one thing that causes dark energy and dark matter. The virtual- or quasiparticles and cosmic voids can accelerate the wave movement. Same way as some particles with hyper high energy levels can cause measurement errors. There is also a possibility that there are more black holes in the universe than we expected.  

The black hole causes a massive virtual redshift. This means its gravity pulls wave movement into a straight form. This effect causes a situation where the black hole seems to be at a longer distance than it really is. The black hole that is quite close to the Earth can move quantum fields faster than they should. So, that means there can be more than one effect that we see as dark matter and dark energy. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/decades-long-quest-reveals-details-of-the-protons-inner-antimatter-20210224/

https://www.sciencealert.com/decades-long-experiment-finds-strange-mix-of-antimatter-in-the-heart-of-every-proton

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/proton-antimatter-lopsided-quark-antiquark

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-and-dark-energy-dont-exist-new-study-claims/

https://scitechdaily.com/is-dark-matter-evolving-a-new-theory-to-solve-the-universes-biggest-mystery/

https://scitechdaily.com/like-talking-on-the-telephone-quantum-breakthrough-lets-individual-atoms-chat-like-never-before/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Multiverse theory, reality, or simply an idea?

 Multiverse theory, reality, or simply an idea? 

Are parallel multiverses real or not? The answer is that we don't know. We have no observations about those things. And that means they are non-proven models or theories. Or, maybe we should call the multiverse: "logical continuum of the universe structures, or models". 

So, it's rather philosophy than a scientific theory. That model explains dark energy, dark matter, and other unknown things as the energy and particles that come from another universe. There are instances where the universe in which we live will fall back to a single point. And then form again. That model is called "phoenix universe". Or in some models, another universe exists in the fourth or higher dimensions. But those models are unproven.. And maybe they will be unproven forever. In some models, things like virtual reality are also part of the multiverse or parallel universe theories. 

Multiverse is the theoretical framework where the universe is introduced as one of many universes. Or is it even a theoretical framework? The fact is that there is no single evidence of that thing. So, the multiverse theory is rather a philosophical conjecture or, so-called, logical expansion of the observations that researchers made of the universe. That means that if we believe the universe is composed of galactic superclusters, other universes would be universe-scale superclusters or hyperclusters. 

The other universe would be so dim that we cannot see it. In that type of observation, stars and other structures in our universe deny that sensors can detect radiation that comes from other universes. If they even exist. And who cares if those other universes exist? The multiverse is one of the models that tries to explain where matter came to our universe. That model could explain where matter came to our universe. But it would not explain where material in other universes came from? 

But there is one very interesting model of the multiverse. That model tells us that maybe we live in a black hole. Those hypothetical models explain why we cannot see things outside the universe that the black hole's material disk and halo press all waves that come from outside into a straight form. That means that we cannot see information in that wave movement. That model means that there can be other universes in the black holes. 

Those things are the fourth dimension. So there is a theoretical model. The black holes involve structures that are like our universe. So, that is one of the models that are made to explain why the universe exists. And the universe is part of the system of internal black holes. That is one of the models of the multiverse theory. 

But does the time reverse destroy that model? If we think of internal black holes, there is a possibility that when information comes to the edge of the next black hole or black hole's event horizon, time starts to move oppositely. So that means every black hole causes time reversal. But does that thing cause retrocausality? The retrocausality means that reaction comes before action. 

Even if those particles turn younger. Don't mean that things start to happen backward. 

Retrocausality seems like somebody looks at the film backwards. Or, that's how we represent that thing. But the fact is that retrocausality is not seen in large-scale structures. That thing is seen only in the smallest subatomic particles and their superposition tests. 

But then we can imagine one of the most interesting things in the multiverse philosophy, or the multiverse hypothesis. That thing is the anti-universe. Time moves backward because the anti-universe is in the middle of the big crunch.  Because particles and quantum fields turn closer and fields turn denser, that means time moves backward in that hypothetical space. But that doesn't necessarily mean that there is retrocausality in that universe. Maybe all things happen the same way as on Earth. But particles turn younger. 

A hypothetical black hole in that hypothetical universe will be an interesting thing. The idea is that time turns to travel backward in the point of the event horizon. So, that means that if the black hole is in an anti-universe, time travels oppositely in that black hole. So if time travels backward in the space behind the event horizon. That means time travels like it does in our universe if time travels backward around the black hole. 

The anti-universe means the universe that falls to the Big Crunch. Because all fields turn denser and stronger, the black hole will expand all the time. That means there is a possibility that this theoretical black hole in the theoretical anti-universe will not send gravity waves, because an expanding event horizon will close gravity waves inside it. The anti-universe doesn't necessarily mean a universe that forms from antimatter. Antimatter is like regular matter otherwise. 

But antimatter electrons have positive and antimatter protons have negative electric polarity. The anti-neutron spin is opposite to that of the neutron.  When an antimatter particle touches its mirror particle, both of those particles turn into radiation in the violent reaction called annihilation. That is the most powerful reaction in the known universe. But otherwise, antimatter reacts the same way to gravity and other fields. Antimatter is planned to be used in spacecraft. Because. It gives a very strong energy load. But that's the own story. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/parallel-universes-multiverse-real/

https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html

https://www.space.com/space-exploration/james-webb-space-telescope/is-our-universe-trapped-inside-a-black-hole-this-james-webb-space-telescope-discovery-might-blow-your-mind

https://www.sciencenewstoday.org/the-multiverse-are-we-living-in-one-of-many

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrocausality

Radical new theory about dark matter.

  Radical new theory about dark matter.

"An artistic illustration of the mechanism proposed by Professor Stefano Profumo where quantum effects near the rapidly expanding cosmic horizon after the Big Bang gravitationally generate dark matter particles. Credit: Stefano Profumo" (ScitechDaily, Two Wild New Theories Could Finally Explain Dark Matter)

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Next quotes are from ScitechDaily

"One idea envisions a hidden “mirror” universe with its own particles and forces, where the early cosmos forged tiny, incredibly dense black hole–like objects that could make up all the dark matter in existence."

"Another proposes that dark matter emerged from the universe’s rapid expansion, born through quantum radiation at the very edge of the observable cosmos during a short but dramatic period after the Big Bang."

"Both possibilities are grounded in established physics, offering testable explanations that carry forward UC Santa Cruz’s tradition of connecting the smallest particles with the largest cosmic mysteries."

(ScitechDaily, Two Wild New Theories Could Finally Explain Dark Matter)

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The new radical theory explains dark matter as it formed in the quantum fields in the young universe. Or in some other, even more exciting versions, dark matter formed in the mirror universe.  This new theory tries to explain dark matter as particles that formed just after the Big Bang. Then some of those particles stayed in a higher energy level than other material. 

We must notice that the matter that we can detect is a minority in the universe. The term "dark matter" means a gravitational effect that has no visible source. There is a model of a hypothetical tachyon particle. That which travels faster than light leaves a track or hole behind it. That channel is like a hole or a tunnel in the 3rd. Dimension. And that tunnel makes those fields move like real particles. But in that model, tachyons must exist. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner effect)

In the gravitational model, Tc (temperature critical) is replaced by Mc (Mass critical). There could also be a critical density at which this thing works. So maybe singularity in black holes or energy in the event horizon makes the gravity behave like EM-fields interact with superconducting objects. Maybe that effect in gravitational form requires that the object is surrounded by an absolutely slight quantum gravity bubble that aims gravity waves around the object. In that model, the object has a slight quantum field that cannot catch and hang onto the outside quantum field around it. That makes outside fields slide around the object. 

G-(gravity)field and dark matter. There is a model that G-field or gravity waves can exist without material or other quantum fields. That means there are four fundamental interactions. Those interactions are gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear interaction, and strong nuclear interaction. Each of those four interactions has its individual transmitter particle. And those interactions have wave and particle forms. Three of those transmitter particles, bosons, are known. The graviton is missing a transmitter particle.

Each of them can form individual fields. Every single field has individual wavelengths. Wavelength in electromagnetic fields is different from the wavelength in the weak nuclear interaction, for example. All of those fields can exist independently. And that means: gravity- or G-field can exist without other fields. 

There is a model of dark matter that suggests it is the graviton, or an extremely small black hole. The idea is that the particle's spin is very fast. And that can form the effect that looks like a Meissner effect. That spin drives makes electromagnetic fields behave like they behave around the superconducting particle. That thing makes those particles invisible. That means that dark matter is free gravitons. 

Those things are still hypothetical particles. And proving that thing requires that dark matter have a particle form. That means things like axions or weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, are the same thing as gravitons. The graviton is a mythical transmitter particle that transmits gravitational waves. That particle is hard to detect. And harder to confirm. The energy flow around that particle allows it to interact. But the interaction point is too small. Or maybe the graviton is like a neutrino, and maybe it can tunnel through matter. 

Another interesting part of the new model is that. The dark matter comes from some kind of anti-universe. There is a possibility that there is a so-called anti-universe. When our universe, or the universe where we live, expands, that anti-universe falls, or reduces. That causes the idea that maybe time travels backward in that anti-universe. But that is one of the models that requires more discussion. 

The thing is that the anti-universe is the place where material turns younger because its energy level rises. Or maybe, we should say that the energy density in the anti-universe causes matter to turn younger. But can the dark matter be material where time moves backward? 

Is it possible that the dark matter is in the bubble, or the so-called WARP bubble, where it gets more energy than it releases? If WIMP or whatever the dark matter particle can be gets more energy than it releases, that means the particle travels opposite in time than all other particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/two-wild-new-theories-could-finally-explain-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle