Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI, and mathematics.

“Exoplanet Kepler 168b An artist’s impression of the rocky, habitable-zone exoplanet Kepler-168b. Credit: NASA Ames/NASA/JPL–Caltech/Tim Pyle (Caltech)”(ScitechDaily, The Nearest Alien Civilization Could Be 33,000 Light-Years Away)

“New research suggests that technological civilizations in the Milky Way are extremely rare, with the closest potentially 33,000 light-years away.” (ScitechDaily, The Nearest Alien Civilization Could Be 33,000 Light-Years Away)

The closest civilization could be about 33000 light-years from Earth. That means it's very unlikely. That aliens make contact with us. 

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) tries to map the Universe and find an alien civilization. The closest civilization could be about 33000 light-years from Earth. That calculation is used to calculate the average distance between 33 points. That spreads evenly over the Milky Way-sized disk. Nobody made contact with an alien civilization, at least officially. So. Everything that is written about the aliens. Have hypothetical backgrounds. 

There is a possibility that people really saw the silver-suited small men around some capsules. But those things might be robots. That origin is in the Lockheed-Martin laboratories rather than in outer space. The origin of the aliens and UFOs can be in some. More or less secretive research and development programs that originate in the Pentagon or some other authority, or in some defense industrial platforms. 

But if the next model is true, we should not worry about alien contacts. But if we get in contact, that means that we should be very afraid. The best possible distance to an alien civilization is 23140ly, if we calculate that the Milky Way’s diameter is 150000ly. In that case, there would be 33 intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way. In that purely theoretical model, those civilizations are evenly spread across the Milky Way. I used Gemini AI to calculate the average distance between 33 points on the Milky Way-sized disk. But there is more. About that thing later. 

Telescopes still wait for the signal from other civilizations. The SETI program has given. Lots of data about exoplanets. And has given a new data matrix and mathematical models for. How to separate and analyze weak radio signals. And separate them from the background. This program advanced the network-based calculations that made the large language models (LLMs), or AI, possible. The only thing that SET is not found is an intelligent alien civilization. 

SETI tries to find alien radio signals. It tries to find signs of pollution. And even a visual technosignature. Like cities from exoplanets. Those cities are hard to find, even if they are quite close to us. Those cities can be found by calculating what the luminosity of the planet’s dark side should be. For that, researchers should know what kind of surface the planet has. Then, if the luminosity is higher than it should be. That is the sign of an intelligent civilization. Or it's the sign of the very active volcanism on that planet. 

Another interesting thing is that the city itself doesn’t need atmosphere. There are models that intelligent aliens could create city-sized bases. Those are under the domes. And in that hypothetical model. The locked planet can give a perfect place for that kind of place. The base itself could be on the dark side of the planet. And on the sunny side could be the solar panels that deliver energy to that large base. That hides under pressurized domes on the dark side of the planet. This location protects that thing against the star eruptions. 

Those planets with no atmosphere can be perfect platforms for technically advanced civilizations. There are no original lifeforms on those planets. And that planet’s locked position offers the perfect place for the solar panels that harness energy from the sun. The dark side offers perfect safety for those bases. The residents of those bases can create an artificial atmosphere under those domes. But that thing is only a hypothetical model. About the advanced alien civilizations. 

AI-made impression of an alien base on a planet that has no atmosphere. 

There are models that suggest that there are 33 intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way. That feels very good to find an alien civilization. But if we think that those civilizations are evenly distributed in our galaxy. That means the average distance between those civilizations is 30853 ly. If we calculate that distance using the Milky Way’s diameter of 300,000 ly. 

And if we use the value 15000 ly. for the Milky Way diameter, the average distance between those civilizations would be 23140 ly. Those numbers are taken from Gemini AI, which got the mission. To put 33 points that spread evenly on the Milky Way-sized disk. The system introduced two values for the size of the Milky Way. Those values were 300000 ly and 150 ly. 

That means there is a very small chance of making contact with an alien civilization. The fact is that our radio transmissions do not even reach those civilizations. If we think. Heinrich Hertz's radio experiments in 1886 were the first radio transmissions. Those radio signals are spread to 136 ly. away from Earth. That means the closest possible civilization is far away from that bubble. 

And in that case, we must think that no side effect or disturbance covers those first signals. But if we think. The distance to the closest possible civilization is 23140 ly. And the size. The radio transmission bubble is 136 light-years. That is a ridiculous distance. This means that the alien civilizations are. Lucky for us. A very long distance from us. 

If those hypothetical civilizations sent a signal that arrives tomorrow, that means those signals left. Minimum 23140 years ago. And if we receive that kind of data transmission, that means the alien civilization is very old. And maybe that explains why we don’t get a message. If those aliens that sent their first message to Earth 12140 years ago. If the Milky Way's diameter is calculated to be 150,000 ly. Might follow the protocol of responsible scientists. They might not want to teach us. Everything about their technology. 

They might think that maybe it’s better to let us advance before they take contact, or maybe. Those hypothetical civilizations will not hear us. The reason for that is that our signals don’t reach those civilizations. If those aliens handle the wormhole-based communication, where qubits will transport through the wormholes, that means they don’t hear our signals. 

And there is a possibility. The wormholes allow only for sending the qubits or quantum communication through them. It’s possible that we will never meet another civilization. If we put the 500-year limit for “never”. And even if we put 1000 years, our signals will not yet reach the closest civilization. So, as always, we are alone until we get an answer. That moment will be the biggest thing. In human history. But when that happens? Nobody knows. And after that, we must be prepared for everything. 

Artist’s impression of the surface of the locked exoplanet. That could be Proxima Centauri b

But researchers. And mathematics gives only models. Of the alien civilizations. We don’t know anything about the other civilizations. All information. What we have is actually hypothetical. Researchers think. The Earth is not so unique. As we hope that it is. Latest findings on the planet Mars support the idea that life itself exists. It can be quite common in the universe. But intelligent lifeforms are very rare. There is a possibility. That there is another civilization. Or even many civilizations. But they are meaningless to us. This means that the alien civilization can be so far away that they cannot interact with us. The first contact will be the end of something in human history. That will be the moment. That we fear and we hope. As has been written many times. 

That contact can happen after 1000 years, or it can happen tomorrow. After that, we must be prepared for everything. We don’t know those aliens, or we don’t know anything about their culture. If or when we detect the alien signal, we must carefully think about the next step. If an alien civilization is too advanced, it can simply detonate us by accident. If they create the black hole machines that can transport passengers between stars in seconds. 

That thing can destroy us. If those aliens want to discuss with us, they might want to make the teleportation channel between them and us. If we don’t handle that technology, the black hole can destroy the entire planet. There is a possibility that aliens use too much power in the data transmission, and that can cause a massive solar eruption that destroys Earth. Those are things that can happen if we advance too fast. If aliens give us something. That thing can cause a situation where the system they give causes a very big detonation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/earth-may-not-be-so-special-after-all-new-study-finds/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-nearest-alien-civilization-could-be-33000-light-years-away/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio

https://scitechdaily.com/the-nearest-alien-civilization-could-be-33000-light-years-away/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio

Alien civilizations again and again.

   Alien civilizations again and again. 

“New simulations suggest the Galactic Habitable Zone isn’t fixed: when stars migrate across the Milky Way, the odds of rocky, potentially temperate worlds, especially in the outer disk, can rise markedly. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

There is a possibility that NASA’s Perseverance rover found some kind of bacterial remnants on Mars. There was an ocean in the northern hemisphere. Then the planet froze, lost its atmosphere. And then the UV radiation destroyed the water. The reason for that can be the lack of a magnetic field. It’s possible that the chaotic magma structure explains that thing. When Mars faced its last catastrophe, the impact could break its core. And that caused the loss of the magnetic field. 

And then to aliens. 

This discussion begins every autumn. Are we alone in the Universe? The answer is this: until aliens call, we are alone. The only fact that we have is that nobody answered. Or nobody made contact outside Earth. Or there are no confirmed alien technosignals. This means that we might be alone in our galaxy, or there can be one or more other civilizations. And maybe some civilizations are already destroyed, because they failed the ultimate test. That failure can be the civil war. 

Or it can be an overestimation of one's own technical skills. In some models. Pre-Kadashev-scale civilization can test things like an antimatter rocket. And then there will be some leak in the capsule. That causes annihilation that can destroy the entire planet, in this case. The civilization that reaches the Kardashev-scale 1 starts to build an antimatter rocket that can give them access to the entire solar system. Then there is a leak in the antimatter capsule. But then. We must realize a couple of things. 

“Longstanding model of the Galactic habitable Zone, which is estimated to exist between 7-9 kiloparsecs from the center of the galaxy. However, recent research calls this into question.” Credit: NASA/Caltech. (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

When we talk about aliens. First, intelligent aliens are different from techno-aliens and primitive life forms. A water planet can host lifeforms. Those lifeforms will not be intelligent. Those lifeforms can be something that lives in their seas. Those creatures could be some kind of bacteria. Or algae. Another thing is intelligence. Without a certain type of atmosphere, that alien race cannot make fire, and they require that skill to  melt metals. There is a possibility that the first humans melted metals in volcanoes or lava. But this method uses a natural heat source. It is not as simple a method for melting metals as using fire. 

As the fire that those aliens can make using matches or friction. Intelligence doesn’t mean that a creature turns technical. Or it can form a technical civilization. If the star that they orbit is too heavy and too bright. That makes the star too short-lived for the creature to form anything technical. Also, it's possible that the black holes or some nova or supernova explosion near the civilization’s own star sterilizes their planet, or there is a possibility. that their own planet is metal-poor. That means there are no metals. There are millions or even billions of things that can go wrong before civilization can fly to the stars. 

The planet can travel too close to Sagittarius A, and near the center of galaxies, the radiation can destroy those planets. There is a so-called habitable area in a galaxy. And at that zone, stars are mature enough that planetary systems can form around them. Those planets must be solid, and their trajectories must be stable enough. There must not be a large number of roving pieces. Those pieces can destroy the planet and its lifeforms. 

“Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001” (Wikipedia, Allan Hills 84001)

And that civilization requires the will to make technical things. Without motivation, those creatures will never fly to space or stars. Or without the need, evolution will not favor things like intelligence. Without catastrophes, the creatures will not rise out of the oceans. They will not require brains or high-level intelligence. 

The locked planets around K-type stars might not be suitable for lifeforms. But those locked planets can offer a place for a technically advanced civilization. To make its stand. That thing means that a locked planet offers unlimited solar power to that civilization or its base. Those creatures can use protective suits and live under domes that help them to protect themselves against those red dwarfs' flares. That kind of case requires. The red dwarf is quite close to the alien solar system, or orbits it. Sometimes we should ask what our technology looks like. If we had a red dwarf at the same distance as Proxima Centauri orbits Alpha Centauri. 

The fact is that Earth is the only planet with confirmed lifeforms. But it’s possible. That there was some kind of microscopic life on Mars. Before that planet froze, lost its atmosphere, and the UV radiation destroyed water molecules. 

There are some stones that support the Martian lifeforms.  Their problem is that they were found on Earth. The Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) meteorite from the South Pole involves structures. That could confirm life on Mars. But the problem is that those bacteria-shaped structures can have an origin on Earth. The South Pole is not cold enough. That it could keep that meteorite sterile. There is a possibility that those. Probably lifeforms that left their markings on the shell of Allan Hills 84001. It can come from Earth. Maybe those primitive creatures felt the heat of that meteorite. And traveled to it. Those strange forms look like primitive creatures. Like rod-shaped cyanobacteria or small tubeworms. 

“NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie, made up of 62 individual images, on July 23, 2024. A rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls,” which has features that may bear on the question of whether the Red Planet was long ago home to microscopic life, is to the left of the rover near the center of the image. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. NASA’s Perseverance rover has identified its most compelling evidence yet for ancient microbial life on Mars.” (ScirchDaily, NASA Perseverance Rover’s Stunning Find May Be Mars’ First Sign of Life)

The question of life in the cosmos is more complicated than we even thought. NASA’s Perseverance Mars vehicle found promising structures on Mars that look like bacteria or their remnants. The thing is that. Those forms in stones look like bacteria, or their remnants. But that doesn’t make them bacteria. But as we know. Perseverance found a sign that could be the first sign. Or strong evidence of life on another planet. 

The Artist’s impression of an alien city. 

So they might not prove anything. In one way or another. The problem is that even those things can be some kind of bacteria. They can arrive from the Earth, with some meteorites or with probes that are not properly disinfected. 

The biggest problem with alien hunting is that nobody has officially seen aliens. There is no confirmed alien DNA. Or confirmed alien cells. This means researchers cannot even know. What they should try to find. Searching for an alien civilization is not searching for a needle in a haystack. It's more difficult. There are as many variables that make models for techno civilizations, or their location is impossible to determine. The techno civilization can be something other than we think it is. Even if those civilizations use microwave ovens, we might not detect those signals. Or maybe we don’t separate those signals from natural microwave signals. We don’t even know if they use radio as data transmission. Or maybe those other civilizations do not exist. 

Existence is a remarkable thing for those civilizations. The civilization that doesn’t answer does not exist. And maybe we don’t want that answer. There is always a possibility that those civilizations are too far away that us cannot hear their radio signals. Another thing is that we are between the Milky Way’s spiral structure. That means we might be a cosmic Eastern island. And maybe we are lucky. 

https://scitechdaily.com/our-galaxys-sweet-spot-for-life-is-bigger-than-we-thought/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-perseverance-rovers-stunning-find-may-be-mars-first-sign-of-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001