Einstein’s light cone and five-dimensional spacetime.

“Light cone in 2D space plus a time dimension, more commonly referred to as ‘space time’” (Wikipedia)

The light cone introduces the model. That time focuses information on the hypersurface of the present. But why can't we see into the past or future? Entropy is introduced as the reason for. Why can't we see the future? Or to the past. This means that entropy scatters information into such a small mosaic and twists it. That information exists. But. We cannot collect it into a form. That. We can use it. 

Term spacetime, or. Space time. Means the space and time. “In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events occur.” (Wikipedia, spacetime)

There is a connection between time and space, and Einstein explained that connection by describing time as the fourth dimension. And maybe we should say that the time that travels forward or to the future is the fourth dimension. The arrow of time, as Eddington explains, states that when time moves forward, the arrow of time moves time backward. 

The arrow of time introduces black holes as a place where time appears to travel backward. That means that black holes can be seen as things. That pushes time forward. Time dilation causes that. When. The escape velocity turns higher. Than. The speed of light, time starts to travel backward. 

Above the gravitational pothole is the model of spacetime near the gravitational center. The black hole should turn the walls of the pothole. Through. Each other. That means its gravity field turns information around like a magnifying glass. 

Three versions of our point in relation to the light cone and the metasurface of the present. Each of those models is based on the model that there are five dimensions. Three of those dimensions are in space. And two are in time. 

1) If information focuses on the hypersurface of the present, it can act like an electromagnetic field. If information forms. Some kind. Of “electric arc”. We can be in a bubble. That denies us. From. Seeing the future or the past. That information focus that is behind or in front of us is so “bright” that we cannot see through it. 

2) Another model is that. We aren’t exactly on the information focus. If. We are in a place. Where. The information focus is behind. Or forward to us. That means we cannot see through that point. But the interesting model is that information should. Turn around. When. It travels through the metasurface of the present. 

3) The entropic model is that. Every single particle, or object in the universe. Are on. Its own metasurface of the present. Or, maybe we should say that the metasuface. The present is a complex entirety of structures. This means it's full of information focus points. And those focuses cause very high entropy.  

But. Then we can. Start. To. Think. About. Light cone. This model. Explains that the information focus is at the point of the hypersurface of the present. But are we on the hypersurface of the present? That is an interesting question. The idea is that information focus happens on that hypersurface. When time arrows touch each other, that event forms a structure. That is like when a magnifying glass focuses sunlight. Sometimes it is suggested that the material and the Big Bang formed when the light cone touched the hypersurface of the present. But why can't we see the future? The answer can be in entropy. And another thing is this: Materia is like a frozen electric arc. 

When we think about time dilation. And the hypersurface of the present. Time moves faster. At 30 cm above sea level. We can think. That. If the focus that forms when the light cone focuses information on the hypersurface of the present, the geometrical model of time in our universe is a ball. We are like in the middle of a giant electric arc, which could describe the geometrical model of time in the hypersurface of the present. There are actually three models of time, or how information focuses on the hypersurface. In those models, we are in the middle of a giant bubble, or we are not precise in the metasurface of the present. 

That means there is. Some kind. Of. Time focuses information behind. Or/and forward of us, if we think. That we travel in space from the past to the future. That focus. Denies us. To see the future. Another model is that the hypersurface of the present is not sharp. That means the universe is full of focuses that focus information from the future. And from the past. This is one of the attempts.  To introduce the nature of time or the geometry of time. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

Can the universe's expansion really slow down?

"Evidence suggests the universe’s expansion has started to slow, not accelerate. The results imply dark energy is weakening and evolving faster than previously believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (Scitechdaily, Evidence suggests the universe’s expansion has started to slow, not accelerate. The results imply dark energy is weakening and evolving faster than previously believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Evidence suggests the universe’s expansion has started to slow, not accelerate. The results imply dark energy is weakening and evolving faster than previously believed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com)

The new evidence suggests that dark energy also becomes weaker. That is one of the reasons why researchers start to think that the universe’s expansion might be slowing. This means that Einstein was only partially right. Einstein’s model suggests that dark energy has a constant, or static, power. But if dark energy is released during the Big Bang, that means the universe’s expansion causes a situation where the same dark energy must fill a larger universe. And that thing means. That dark energy turns weaker. Like all other interactions. 

Turn weaker. So can gravity win, and cause the Big Crunch? Gravity also turns weaker. That means. The expansion of the universe. Makes dark energy advance. Because distances between objects increase. This is one way to predict the ultimate fate of the universe. But if we think. That Einstein was right and the dark energy is static and constant, which means the origin of the dark energy is outside the universe. If dark energy forms outside the universe, that means there should be some kind of wave movement. 

Dark energy means. Free energy that should rip the universe in pieces. There is a possibility that dark energy. It can also have some kind of interaction with dark matter. Dark matter means. A strange gravitational effect that is the second-dominating thing in the universe. Dark matter can have a particle form. Those hypothetical particles called weakly interacting massive particles WIMPs are suggested as the things that can form dark matter. In that model, dark energy forms. During dark matter particle interactions.

What is the role of cosmic voids in dark energy and dark matter? 

But maybe dark matter. Form in entropy in energy, or quantum fields. When the universe expands, its size grows. That forms more space between particles. And then. That space makes it possible. That there form whirls and bubbles in those fields. Those bubbles are like miniature cosmic voids. And if there is some void, that means the energy field starts to fall into it. The four fundamental interactions. Gravity, electromagnetism. And weak and strong nuclear interactions. Have particle and wave movement forms. The wavelength of those interactions determines which force the wave movement transports. So, every fundamental interaction has its own wavelength. It’s possible that there forms some kind of vacuum in some of those four interactions. 

That means. If there are no weak nuclear force fields. That destroys the atomic nucleus. So do the cosmic voids, like the Boötes void, have some kind of connection with dark energy? The question is: What causes dark energy to move?  Things like cosmic voids are areas where it seems to be no matter. There is a possibility that those voids form when the universe expands. If the expansion rips an energy field in the universe. That can form the cosmic void. 

But another reason for cosmic voids can be. Some extremely high-energy reaction. That forms a shockwave that creates the void. But there is also a possibility that the cosmic void forms in situations. Where some of the four fundamental interactions are missing in some areas. If the strong interaction, as an example, is missing, that thing rips protons and neutrons in pieces. So can the bubble that forms. As an example, in a strong nuclear force field. That destroys protons and neutrons. Or maybe. The relationship between the strong nuclear interaction. Pushing and pulling effects are disturbing. This can cause the material to rip into pieces. If there is a strong radiation effect, the wavelength is the same as the size of the quarks, which can also break protons and neutrons into pieces. 

https://scitechdaily.com/is-einsteins-cosmological-constant-wrong-new-data-suggests-dark-energy-is-evolving/

https://scitechdaily.com/is-the-universe-slowing-down-stunning-new-evidence-says-yes/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-einstein-was-only-half-right-nasas-new-test-for-dark-energy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boötes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist?

  Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist? 

"Exploring different approaches to understanding space-time deepens our understanding of reality. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

"Is time something that flows — or just an illusion? Exploring space-time as either a fixed “block universe” or a dynamic fabric reveals deeper mysteries about existence, change, and the very nature of reality."(ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

Does spacetime exist? Does the space have time? We know the thing. Called material time. That time is seen in material evaporation. Because of the expansion of the universe. That thing causes an effect that all material turns into a wave movement. 

In the five-dimensional cosmological model, there are three spatial dimensions. And two dimensions in time.  Those two dimensions are time that goes forward and time that travels backward. In that model, time is one of the fundamental interactions. The idea in the spacetime model is that the Big Bang released material in time. Or it separated time and material. In this case. We talk about material evaporation. The model goes like this. The universe formed from a so-called Kugelblitz black hole. When the whirl started to collect energy in the proto-universe, it formed the black hole. Straight from that energy field that condensed into the black hole. When that black hole evaporated or detonated. That formed an event called the Big Bang. 

That means there is space formed between superstrings that will form the first particles. In that model, the superstring is an extremely thin energy field that turns into fermions and bosons. Superstrings are not single things. They are complicated internal structures. And in black holes, those superstrings are in such a tight form that they have no space to oscillate. That space caused an effect that those superstrings started to send sub-waves. When a superstring oscillates, it sends part of itself into its environment. This event would be similar to the material evaporation. 

When there is no energy that can resist the superstring, it sends the sub-string. In the same way as material, the existence, thickness, or number of structures in a superstring depends on the field that resists the superstring. The ten-dimensional superstring model explains the universe and space as an endless number of superstrings. The density or number of those superstrings in the space determines the strength of the field. When there are lots of strings in a small area, that means the field is strong. 

The main question in time dilation is this: Does that effect only push energy into particles? Or, does that affect cause a situation where the particle travels in time? 

Above: The 2D model of the gravity center. The gravity center packs energy fields around it. That forms a denser energy area. The gravity makes a pothole, but it also packs energy fields around the gravitational center. 

This denser, or higher energy area causes the effect that energy transfer to the environment slows down. And that slows material evaporation. If the difference between energy levels in the material and the environment is high. The energy level around the particle is very low. That raises the speed of energy flow out from the particle. The same effect can cause superstrings to decay just as matter. 

And that means the superstring model tells us that the spacetime should exist. When a gravity field forms, the gravity center rolls the field of those superstrings to the gravitational center. That effect is seen as a whirl in the universe. Those whirls can be extremely large. And all spiral galaxies are whirls that form around the supermassive black holes. Those whirls pull back, and without them, the black hole in the center of the galaxy will be detonated. 

And then we go to the spacetime. The idea in spacetime is this: energy fields or wave movement are everywhere. Those energy fields can condense into material. Because of the Schwinger effect. The Schwinger effect forms elementary particles, fermions. And bosons. In a similar way. The Schwinger effect explains the Kugelblitz black hole as a structure. Where the whirl will collect the energy fields or strings into one point. When there is enough field. Packed into one point. It creates a strong gravity effect that pulls everything into it. Without that whirl, the energy that is stored in a black hole is released. The whirl is the thing. That keeps the black hole in its form. 

We can think that when time moves from the past to the future, that thing looks a little bit like a superstring. When those time strings or “arrows of time”, or “time arrows” (Time’s arrow)move, they push time back around them. So when the arrow of time moves forward, that moves other arrows backward. If one of the arrows of time moves faster than the other arrow of time. That faster time arrow slows the slower arrows of time. The reason for that is that the time arrow moves energy into those other arrows of time. 

The arrow of time, along with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, explains that when gravity turns so strong that the escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light. That means time starts to travel backward. The black holes will pump energy into the past if that model is right. And that energy is released at the point where a black hole forms. But the question is, does that thing really happen? Or does the black hole only store information and release it when it evaporates? This is the thing. That makes supernovae interesting. 

Theoretically, it is possible to decode the information that the black hole released. And there is a possibility. A black hole drives information straight into the point where. The black hole formed, and that point is the supernova explosion. Where the black hole got its beginning. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/argument-against-theory-of-everything/

https://scitechdaily.com/does-space-time-really-exist/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity