When planets are in the wrong order. (LHS 1903)

"LHS 1903 is a small red M-dwarf star that is cooler and shines less brightly than our Sun. Scientists used telescopes in space and on Earth to discover four planets orbiting LHS 1903. With those telescopes, they classified the three closest planets to the star as the innermost being rocky, and the two that follow it gas giants. Credit: ESA" (ScitechDaily, This Alien Solar System Doesn’t Follow the Rules – and Scientists Are Intrigued)

“LHS 1903 is a red dwarf star located about 116 light-years from Earth in the constellation Lynx, near 21 Lyncis. It is thought to be a member of the Milky Way's thick disk.” (Wikipedia, LHS 1903)

“It hosts four known exoplanets. Its planetary system has been described as "inside-out", as instead of the usual pattern where gas planets tend to form further out, its planets are arranged in a configuration where the innermost and outermost planets are rocky, while the middle planets are gas dwarfs.”(Wikipedia, LHS 1903)

“In the late 20th century, scientists often described planetary formation using our solar system as a template. In that view, small rocky planets form close to the Sun, while gas and ice giants form farther away. However, the discovery of more than 6,128 exoplanets across 4,560 systems, along with unusual types such as hot Jupiters and planets orbiting pulsars, suggests that our solar system may not be typical.” (ScitechDaily, This Alien Solar System Doesn’t Follow the Rules – and Scientists Are Intrigued)

“Hot Jupiters (sometimes called hot Saturns) are a class of gas giant exoplanets that are inferred to be physically similar to Jupiter (i.e., Jupiter analogues). But they have very short orbital periods (P < 10 days). The close proximity to their stars and high surface-atmosphere temperatures resulted in their informal name "hot Jupiters.” (Wikipedia, Hot Jupiter) 

Could planets change their place? This is a good question. The LHS 1903 is the red dwarf. The M-type star is far less bright than our Sun. The mass of that star is far lower than that of our Sun. That star has a planetary system of four known planets. The planetary system of LHS 1903. Fits in the Mercury trajectory. If we compare it with our solar system. 

The planet’s order in this system is interesting. The inmost and outmost planets from the star (LHS 1903, B and E) are rocky planets. And the center planets (LHS 1903 C and D) are mini Neptunes. Those mini Neptunes' mass is about six times that of Earth. And their diameter is about twice Earth’s diameter. 

“The location of the LHS 1903 system in the constellation Lynx. Credit: Stellarium.” (ScitechDaily, This Alien Solar System Doesn’t Follow the Rules – and Scientists Are Intrigued)

The LHS 1903 planetary system (Wikipedia, LHS 1903) 

Also, those two rocky planets have a very large mass. The fact is that. When we see the table of that solar system. We see. The outermost planet E is almost as massive as planet D, and it's also more massive than planet C. So, could that mean that the LHS 1903 is trapped some of those planets around it? If we think of the possibility. The planets changed their places. That requires that something. 

More massive than LHS 1903, it formed. Some kind of mass center. And then turned the entire solar system around. Could some. A very small thing, like a small black hole. Travel between those planets? This kind of thing could spin. The planetary system around that mass center. 

 In planet formation models, the rocky planets are nearest. The reason for that is the solar wind. That blows the light elements away from around the planet. But there is one thing that makes LHS 1903 interesting. The rocky planet is massive. That means it could also lose its gas layers. The cosmic event, like some kind of particle beam, can strip the light elements from around that planet. 

The massive “hot Jupiters” can be very close to their star. If there is a solar system. The innermost planet is a “hot Jupiter”. And others are lighter rocky planets. That can form in a situation where the star “robs” other planets than the “hot Jupiter” from other solar systems. In cases of “hot Jupiters,” the planet’s massive gravity can resist the starwind. 

https://scitechdaily.com/this-alien-solar-system-doesnt-follow-the-rules-and-scientists-are-intrigued/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LHS_1903

Life ingredients found far away from our galaxy.

"The star is situated not far from the Tarantula Nebula, and the ultraviolet light spewed by its baby stars. (X-ray: NASA/CXC/Penn State Univ./L. Townsley et al.; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JWST ERO Production Team) (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"For the first time, astronomers have seen life's building blocks in ice beyond the borders of our galaxy. Among a mix of complex organic molecules trapped in ice circling a newborn star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, researchers found ethanol, acetaldehyde, and methyl formate – compounds that have never before been spotted in ice form outside the Milky Way.Moreover, another identified compound, acetic acid, has never before been conclusively identified in ice anywhere in space." (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"The discovery, led by astrophysicist Marta Sewiło of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of Maryland, suggests that the ingredients for the chemistry that gives birth to life are widespread and robust across the cosmos, and not limited to our own galaxy." (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"For a century, astronomers have been studying Barnard’s Star in the hope of finding planets around it. First discovered by E. E. Barnard at Yerkes Observatory in 1916, it is the nearest single star system to Earth. Now, astronomers have discovered four sub-Earth exoplanets orbiting the star. One of the planets is the least massive exoplanet ever discovered using the radial velocity technique, indicating a new benchmark for discovering smaller planets around nearby stars. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld" (ScitechDaily, Four Tiny Planets Discovered Near Earth, After Century-Long Search)

Those life ingredients were found near a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud. But that causes an idea. Could there be rogue stars or even rogue planetary systems that travel in intergalactic space? 

Space autoside galaxies are freezing. Intergalactic space is one of the frontiers. That has not been researched yet. There is material. And maybe lone stars, like small red dwarfs, that are fleeing from galaxies. The question is, how long can those stars exist? There is a minimum radiation pressure, and the difference between temperatures on the star’s surface and its environment is far higher than in galaxies. Because there is no starwind or ion flow that travels between stars, that means there is no impact wave between those hypothetical solar systems and the star. 

That means the resistance of the energy flow out from those hypothetical stars outside galaxies and star clusters is minimal. So, there is a possibility that those stars will detonate quite soon. That is one of the most exciting visions that we can imagine. What if those stars really exist? There are stars in dwarf galaxies and star clusters around galaxies like the Milky Way. But can there be lonely red dwarfs outside star clusters and dwarf galaxies? If they exist, those stars would be very hard to detect. 

Researchers found life ingredients outside our galaxy. Those ingredients were found in the icy nebula, in the freezing ice, where the temperature is hardly above zero K. This means that. Those chemical compounds cannot form in that ice. There is always a possibility that a supernova explosion throws that ice away from the galaxy. In this hypothesis. Ice can be a remnant of a water planet. The supernova detonation crushed. There is a possibility that water ice can form in space. 

"The location of the star ST6 within the Large Magellanic Cloud. The JWST image of ST6 is inset bottom right. (NASA/ESA/CSA/JPL-Caltech/M. Sewiło et al., 2025)" (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

An illustration of some of the detected COMs in the ice coating on a grain of dust. (NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center) (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"Size comparison between Jupiter, Barnard's Star, and the Sun." (Wikipedia, Barnard's Star)

The red dwarf’s problem: all red dwarfs near us are very young. 

The shockwave from the supernova explosion or some other high-energy reaction. It can push hydrogen and oxygen atoms together. And in that model, there is no need for planets where water ice can form. But the thing that makes those life ingredients so interesting is that on Earth, they form in the cell metabolism. Those chemical compounds that we think of as life ingredients. They are always interesting. Those icy nebulae involve life ingredients. Cause thoughts. Could life itself be a quite usual thing in the universe? Could intelligent civilizations be less usual events than we think? If there are lifeforms. Most of them are quite primitive. The red dwarf can exist for over ten trillion years, and life has time to advance on those stars. Mature red dwarfs. It can have intelligent lifeforms. 

On planets that orbit it. The problem is that there are no very old red dwarfs near our solar system. The three most well-known red dwarfs, Proxima Centauri, Bernard’s star, and Wolf 359, are very young. Their ages are a maximum of 10 billion years, which is the age of Bernard’s star. And that age is very short. If we think that a red dwarf can exist for 10 trillion years. Proxima Centauri is the same age as our Sun, and Wolf 359 is a very young star. 

Life on red dwarf planets might be something that we have ever thought of before. The red dwarfs are flare stars. But that is only one period of those stars’ lives. The Sun can live 10 billion years. The red dwarf can exist for even over ten trillion years. This means life has more time to advance near those strange stars. The Proxima Centauri. As an example. It is about 5 billion years old. That means it's about the same age as our sun. But Proxima Centauri can live or exist. Even billions of years. So, Proxima Centauri is very young. If we compare its existence with its predicted lifetime. Another close red dwarf, Bernard’s Star, is about 10 billion years old. That red dwarf. That is slightly larger than Jupiter. 

Has four exoplanets. The third interesting red dwarf, Wolf 359, has no known planetary system. That red dwarf is about 0,1-1,5 billion years old. So, there is no planet formation possible near that very small red dwarf. Wolf 359 is at the beginning of its life, and it's in the most sensitive flare period. Life is a complicated thing. And that means there are many things that can cause destruction. Cosmic catastrophes can destroy the entire planet. Before it can form. Or some flare eruption can sterilize the planet. But that requires. The flare hits the planet directly. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/lifes-ingredients-found-frozen-beyond-the-milky-way-for-first-time

https://scitechdaily.com/four-tiny-planets-discovered-near-earth-after-century-long-search/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_359