Primordial black holes, magnetic fields. And traveling black holes.

“Artist’s illustration of two black holes orbiting each other. Credit: Carl Knox, OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology. Scientists believe an unusual LIGO detection may be evidence of a primordial black hole, potentially linking these long-theorized objects to the mystery of dark matter.” (ScitechDaily, Mysterious Cosmic Signal Could Be First Real Evidence of Primordial Black Holes)

Dark Energy. Primordial black holes, magnetic fields. And traveling black holes. 

When two black holes collide. Their acceleration disks cross each other. That event causes a very high-energy gamma-ray burst. Same way. When the black hole material jets impact. That impact sends high-energy radiation. It is introduced that the dark energy source is in the black hole wind. High-energy particles that black holes accelerate. Impact outside galaxies. And those impacts. Causes very high energy radiation. The reason why we cannot see those impacts is that. 

The light in galaxies and quasars covers those short-term flashes below them. And that thing can mean. Dark energy is extremely short-term gamma-ray flashes outside galaxies and quasars. But that is one new model. This means that dark energy does not exist. As an independent energy form. That can be so weak gamma-rays that we simply cannot detect that radiation. Because of a supermassive black hole. And black holes in our own galaxy cover those short-term flashes under their gamma-ray shine. 

"A new analysis argues that the standard cosmological model may be fundamentally unstable, raising questions about whether dark energy is really needed to explain the universe’s accelerating expansion. Credit: SciTechDaily.com." (ScitechDaily, A Universe Without Dark Energy? Mathematicians Challenge Standard Cosmology)

In theories, at the beginning of the universe, black holes formed. Those black holes could form straight from the radiation. That means. Those primordial black holes can be the “Kugelblitz” black holes. But there is another thing. That could form those cosmic monsters. The whirl in some energy field, like a gravitational field. It can start to pack dark matter particles into one point. That means that. Dark matter particles can play a vital role in the formation of dark matter. 

The strange radiation.  It can be the first observation about the primordial black holes. Primordial black holes can be the first supermassive-scale black holes. And the thing that makes those monsters so large and powerful is the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands. The size of the acceleration disk grows. And its energy level decreases. When the universe’s energy level decreases. That means that. The force that presses against the acceleration disk decreases. And that causes the expansion of the accretion disk. Because the energy level in the acceleration disk is lower. That lets black holes’ event horizon expand. 

And the black hole requires a larger accretion disk. To stay in form. The acceleration disk is the thing. That keeps the black hole in the form. If that disk does not exist. The black hole starts to lose matter. And that makes the black hole evaporate in seconds. The acceleration disk is the thing. That denies a black hole. To send matter or energy out from it. A black hole exists as long as the accretion disk’s energy level is higher. Than the space inside the event horizon. When the space inside the event horizon turns higher than the environment. That makes the black hole evaporate. 

“Visualization of gas flows around a binary protostar system calculated by ATERUI III. The gas shown in red orbits around one of the two protostars. The gas shown in blue orbits around the combined binary system. The gas shown in green is being expelled from the system. And it is carrying away angular momentum. The present research shows that the magnetic field plays an important role in expelling gas and angular momentum. Credit: Matsumoto, Hotokezaka, Inayoshi 2026” (ScitechDaily, Magnetic Fields May Solve a Longstanding Binary Star Mystery)

The magnetic fields can bring black holes and newborn stars together. And maybe those fields tell more about the reason why binary stars are so common. In binary star systems, the other star replaces the planetary system. But there are observations that binary star systems involve planets. But it is possible that binary stars can capture rogue planets. That can orbit those stars or even black hole pairs from  long distances. 

Binary stars can be the first step to forming supermassive black holes. Supermassive black holes require enough material and energy. That they can form. The magnetic fields can also play a role in cases. Where black holes start to move. The magnetic field. Along with the gravity sling. It can put. Particles move extremely fast. 

The fastest known black hole wind travels across the universe with 30% of the speed of light.

But there is a possibility. That another black hole pushes the smaller black hole into motion. 

The effect that puts the supermassive object into motion can be another black hole. Or some kind of anomaly in the fields around it. The weaker point in the field can cause a situation. The black hole . It starts to travel in that direction. The hole can be any of the four fundamental forces: gravity or electromagnetism. 

“An artist’s impression of a quasar. The black dot in the center represents the supermassive black hole at the center of the quasar. The red-and-yellow spiral surrounding it shows the disc of hot gas falling into the black hole. Some of this gas is ejected as the quasar’s wind, which is shown in light blue. The size of the disc shown is comparable to the size of our Solar System. Credit: NASA/CXC/M. Weiss, Nahks Tr’Ehnl, Nurten Filiz Ak” (ScitechDaily,Record-Breaking Black Hole Wind Blasts Through Space at 30% the Speed of Light)

Or in the weak and strong nuclear force. The most logical guess is that the anomaly is the magnetic field. The hole in the magnetic field causes a situation. The magnetic field causes asymmetry in the black hole's halo or its accretion disk. If that acceleration disk separates from the black hole’s event horizon. Or it's pressure form against the event horizon changes. 

That thing can cause a situation. That black hole. It will start. To travel across the universe. Another reason for traveling black holes can be found. In the gravity slings. The gravity sling between a supermassive and stellar-mass black hole. When a supermassive black hole impacts a stellar mass black hole. That can cause a situation. The supermassive black hole slings its lighter companion through the universe. 

The gravitational sling was used. In the Voyager missions. The planets like Jupiter and Saturn. Gravitational fields. Accelerated those probes to such a high speed. That they can travel outside the solar system. If a stellar-mass black hole travels through the supermassive black hole’s gravitational field. That supermassive black hole can sling it through the universe with incredible speed. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-universe-without-dark-energy-mathematicians-challenge-standard-cosmology/

https://scitechdaily.com/magnetic-fields-may-solve-a-longstanding-binary-star-mystery/

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-cosmic-signal-could-be-first-real-evidence-of-primordial-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/record-breaking-black-hole-wind-blasts-through-space-at-30-the-speed-of-light/

Cannibal star can be the reason for one of the universe's mysteries.

“Scientists have linked a mysterious class of repeating cosmic signals to a white dwarf star stealing material from a neighboring star. The breakthrough not only solves a long-standing astronomical puzzle but also provides a powerful new tool for understanding similar signals across the galaxy. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, A Cannibal Star Finally Solves One of Astronomy’s Biggest Mysteries)

“A star caught feeding on its companion has finally revealed the source of some of the galaxy’s most mysterious repeating signals.”(ScitechDaily, A Cannibal Star Finally Solves One of Astronomy’s Biggest Mysteries)

An international research team led by scientists at the University of Sydney has uncovered the strongest evidence yet explaining the origin of a puzzling type of cosmic signal. Their work has also revealed a rare stellar system that offers a unique opportunity to study some of the most extreme conditions in the universe.

Cannibal stars are stars that pull matter from their companion. They can be normal stars, or white dwarfs, magnetars, neutron stars, or black holes. When the plasma bridge travels through the plasma layer. That forms radio waves. X-rays and gamma rays. Depending on the companion. The X-ray bursts from Cygnus X-1 uncovered the black hole in that system. Pulsars sometimes get their energy from matter. 

That they pull out from other stars. And those events. They can be behind many repeating long-term radio transmissions. When a neutron star or black hole captures another star. That thing forms a situation. That the matter starts to flow to the gravity center. Cases like Sirius B. That is a white dwarf that orbits Sirius. The bright spectral class A star. There are discussions about the formation of Sirius B. Sometimes, astronomers say that at the beginning. The Sirius B was about 5 times heavier than the Sun. 

But then Sirius A stole lots of matter. And that means that the Sirius B blew 4/5 of its mass into space or Sirius A. Today, Sirius B is about a solar-mass white dwarf. The size of that extremely dense object is about the same as Earth. The Sirius A age is about 225-250 million years. The age of Sirius B is about 228 million years. 

“Accreting white dwarf illustration. Credit: Carl Knox (OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology) and Joshua Preston Pritchard (CSIRO)” (ScitechDaily, A Cannibal Star Finally Solves One of Astronomy’s Biggest Mysteries)

“CSIRO ’s ASKAP radio telescope on Wajarri Yamaji Country. Credit: Alex Cherney.” (ScitechDaily, A Cannibal Star Finally Solves One of Astronomy’s Biggest Mysteries)

“The ASKAP radio telescope at Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory on Wajarri Yamaji Country in Western Australia. Credit: Alex Cherney/CSIRO” (ScitechDaily, A Cannibal Star Finally Solves One of Astronomy’s Biggest Mysteries)

But some people say. That Sirius B is too light. And Sirius A is too young to have formed in the same nebula. It’s possible that Sirius B lost lots of matter. But the mass of Sirius A is about 2 times that of the Sun. So, in calculations, about 3/5 of the Sirius B mass “vanished” into space. When that star detonated in a nova eruption. 

Or it should lose too much mass. They say that maybe Sirius A. A two-times as massive a star as the Sun. Captured that small white dwarf. They explain their opinion that Sirius B should turn into a black hole. Or a neutron star. And heavy elements on the surface of Sirius B. 

They are from the nebula around Sirius A. Or in some other model. The Sirius B detonated as a nova. And that nova put the Sirius A  into form. But those things are speculative. The only fact is that. There must be asteroids in the Sirius system. And sometimes some asteroids must hit the surface of Sirius B. 

The bright star can hide its companion. But when the companion star travels through a massive plasma eruption. That can cause a situation. There, the eruption launches the radio signals. If that plasma hits the dwarf star’s surface,   

But the universe is full of binary stars. There, the dwarf stars orbit. The red giants or some so-called main-sequence stars. In the cases that. Some dwarf stars orbit things like Wolf-Rayet stars. The dwarf can travel through the material eruptions of those stars. That can cause unexpected radio impulses. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-cannibal-star-finally-solves-one-of-astronomys-biggest-mysteries/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius

The binary star accelerates gamma-rays with a power of over 100 TeV.

“For years, scientists have searched for the sources of the most energetic particles in our galaxy, cosmic rays that carry energies far beyond what human-made accelerators can achieve.”(IE)

“Now, observations from the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) have revealed a binary star system pushing particles past a critical energy barrier. The system, LS I +61° 303, has been found emitting gamma rays above 100 tera–electron volts (TeV)—firmly placing it in the category of ultra-high-energy sources”. (IE)

Reseachers make observations about the gamma-rays by using secondary particles for that thing. Searching for and detecting gamma-rays. Straight is a very long-term process. But. The system can search for secondary particles that form when high-energy gamma rays. Hit the atmosphere. 

This kind of energy level is quite normal for supernovas and black holes. But the binary star that forms this energy level radiation is not normal. Maybe the binary star can accelerate particles. Into the very high speeds. Because the poles of the stars are in series. This means that the south pole of the other participant of this binary star system could be against the other star’s north pole. 

This means that the poles of the stars are. Like this: South-North. South-North (-+)(-+), and that causes a very high acceleration to particles. The primary question is, where exactly is the point? Where those gamma-rays form. 

And that causes very high acceleration to the particles that travel between those poles. The protons that come from another star’s north pole hit the other star’s south pole, and that causes very strong gamma-ray emission. Another version could be that the series of the poles of those stars sends particles at a very high speed to the material. That is around the binary star system. In both cases, the power of those gamma-rays is very high. Also, photons that the system forms accelerate those particles. When particles like protons and electrons hit each other. That thing sends photons. Those photons accelerate electrons. 

One of the reasons why. Those protons. Can reach. A higher energy level than in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is simple. The LHC. That accelerates protons to a level 6,5 TeV. But this binary star. Can raise their energy level to 100 TeV. Is simple. The LHC accelerates protons only by using magnetic fields. The binary star also sends IR and other EM radiation into those particles. This raises their energy level. Into an extremely high level. 

There is a possibility that this kind of phenomenon can be harnessed into fusion systems on Earth.

The system generates two plasma balls. Those plasma ball poles. They  are in a position. That is similar to that binary star. Then the system shoots the particle beam over those plasma balls. Maybe those plasma points can be made using the crossing plasma beams in two Tokamak Reactors. That thing can raise the energy level of those particle beams to levels that they cannot reach otherwise. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/100-tev-gamma-rays

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

  The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

"Artist’s impression of exoplanet GJ 1132 b and its host M-dwarf star. Credit: Dana Berry, Skyworks Digital, CfA"

"JWST confirms GJ 1132 b lacks an atmosphere. This challenges the habitability of planets around M-dwarfs."

(ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere. And that causes some kind of re-estimation of the habitability of the M-type stars. Those M-type stars have violent eruptions that can raise the temperatures of their entire solar systems. Those solar systems are always quite small, and if the planet is in the habitable zone, that means it's locked because of tidal forces. 

The GJ 1132 b is almost a so-called hot Earth. That means there might not be a lifeform. But another question is, can we escalate those observations to other red dwarfs? Red dwarfs, or M-spectral class stars, are not all similar. Some of them are more active than others. 

If the planet is very young, that can explain the lack of atmosphere. The volcanic activity can explain the smoke or fog around the exoplanet GJ 1132 b. Or that slightly larger than Earth exoplanet can pull solar wind from its star, GJ 1132, an M4-type red dwarf, around it. This means the planet’s gravity pulls the gas that the red dwarf sends around it. And if the GJ 1132 b has a magnetosphere that pulls plasma around it. This means G J1132 b borrows its atmosphere from the star GJ 1132. 

The M-6 spectral Class star Proxima Centauri is under the influence of Alpha Centauri, and that means Alpha Centauri A and B’s star wind can affect Proxima Centauri and blow its atmosphere away. Or the gravitational effect of the bigger parts of this triple star system’s larger participants. Can pull the Proxima Centauri atmosphere off. The reaction can go like this. 

"Artist’s impression of GJ 1132 b – which now should be updated given its definitive lack of atmosphere. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt" (ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

"Comparison of best-fit size of the exoplanet GJ 1132 b with the Solar System planet Earth, as reported in the Open Exoplanet Catalogue of 2015-11-14.  Open Exoplanet Catalogue (2015-11-14). Retrieved on 2015-11-14." (Wikipedia, GJ 1132 b)

Radiation from a binary star made the red dwarf shine brighter. That made M-star blow its atmosphere larger. Then the gravity and solar wind blew that material away. Some M-stars are more active than others. There are many variables that determine if a planet can have an atmosphere. If the red dwarf is very young, that means it's more active than older red dwarfs. Another thing is this. Planet formation is similar around red dwarfs as it was in our solar system. The planet that forms around M-type stars must have time to freeze.

The difference between M-stars and spectral class G-stars is that red dwarfs formed from a more mature nebula than G-stars. Those interplanetary nebulae formed when stars exploded as novae and supernovae. That means there are more heavy elements in the red dwarf system than in the G-type star systems. That means, there could also be more radioactive isotopes in those planets than in G-type stars’ planets. This could cause an effect. That some of those rocky planets are hotter than they should be. But that is hard to prove. 

The red dwarf could also form in a binary star system when the star’s heliospheres touch each other. That can cause the small star forms in that whirl. There is also a possibility that a red dwarf travels around space, and some bigger star traps it into its gravity field. The red dwarf can also steal planets from bigger stars' solar systems. If they travel close to the distant planets of the larger stars, those red dwarfs can take those planets to orbit around themselves. 

They can also trap rogue planets in their gravity field. There is a possibility that the Proxima Centauri planets originally orbited Alpha Centauri. Then Proxima trapped them in orbit around itself. 

https://scitechdaily.com/jwst-solves-the-mystery-earth-like-planet-gj-1132-b-has-no-atmosphere/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri