Why is alien life not so easy to find?

“Life depends on more than just water; it also requires a delicate chemical balance established during a planet’s earliest moments. New research suggests that Earth’s ability to support life may hinge on an exceptionally narrow window of oxygen conditions during core formation, allowing both phosphorus and nitrogen to remain accessible. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

Alien life would be like lifeforms on Earth. If we think about the chemical processes behind those creatures. If alien life forms are based on a similar chemistry to life on Earth. That means there must also be other life building blocks than just water. One of the most critical chemicals. Or an element on alien lifeforms. Is phosphorus. And another critical element is nitrogen. Phosphorus is needed. In RNA and DNA formation. And nitrogen is needed for proteins. 

Without those two elements, DNA and cell-membrane proteins cannot form. There must be so much free nitrogen that those chemical compounds can form. Another thing is that if the phosphorus interacts with iron too early, that means it falls into the planet’s core. Another possibility is that. If phosphorus reacts with oxygen. That means it loses its ability to form compounds in RNA and DNA. 

“Young rocky planets begin as roiling oceans of molten rock. As gravity pulls materials into layers, dense metals such as iron sink inward to form the core, while lighter material remains above to become the mantle and, later, the crust. That physical separation is only half the story. At the same time, chemistry is deciding which elements prefer metal and which prefer rock, and oxygen is one of the biggest drivers of that choice.” /ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

“If oxygen is scarce during core formation, phosphorus tends to bond with iron and other heavy metals and is dragged down into the core. Once that happens, it is effectively removed from the surface environment where life would need it. If oxygen is too abundant, phosphorus stays in the mantle, but nitrogen becomes more likely to escape into the atmosphere and eventually be lost. In other words, the conditions that protect one life's essential elements can make the other harder to keep.” (ScitechDaily, Life Needs More Than Water: The Missing Clue Scientists Just Discovered)

The environmental stability means that nitrogen and phosphorus must react with the right elements. And that reaction requires that those elements have free points that can touch the right chemicals. If phosphorus reacts with oxygen, that means the phosphorus turns into phosphorus trioxide. Or phosphorus pentoxide. The last compound is an important actor in organic synthesis. 

https://scitechdaily.com/life-needs-more-than-water-the-missing-clue-scientists-just-discovered/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_pentoxide

 

The new membrane that can turn droplets into electricity can turn the “perpetual motion machine” into reality.

“ Researchers have developed a floating generator that harvests electricity from raindrops using water itself as a structural and electrical component. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Develop Floating Device That Harvests Energy From Raindrops)

At the beginning of this text, I must say that the Archimedean perpetual motion machine is not a real perpetual motion machine. The system basis is that. The capillary effect pulls water to the upper tank, and then the system allows it to flow over the generator wheel. And then that water will flow to the lower pool. That system is based on the lower pressure that pulls water to the upper level. And that’s why it's not the real perpetual motion machine that recycles all energy into it. 

The membrane that forms electricity from droplets can make the “Archimedean perpetual motion machine” real.  In the original version, the system uses the capillary effect to pull water to the upper tank. And then that water will be put to flow into the lower tank through the Archimedes’ Screw. That kind of system should rotate the mill wheel. And it's possible. That this kind of system could someday. Rotate some kind of generator. In the original version, this system should rotate the millstone. But the friction denied its working. 

“The conventional droplet electricity generator (C-DEG) uses a metal bottom electrode and a rigid substrate, and is generally employed on land. In contrast, the new water-integrated floating droplet electricity generator (W-DEG) uses water as the bottom electrode and substrate to enable land-free applications and promote scalability. Credit: Science China Press” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Develop Floating Device That Harvests Energy From Raindrops)

Above. A typical  “perpetual motion machine” was created by using Archimedes’ screw. The problem with the system was the friction. But maybe today. Things like bearings could also make this kind of system possible. The system is based on the difference between pressure levels. It is possible if it gets enough energy from the water flow. It can replace the energy that it uses for work. The creators. must rise to a fall height of water. Or they must increase the water flow in Archimedes’ screw. Or they must change the work. Their machine must do. Grinding grains is the work. That causes lots of friction. 

Modern technology can change that problem. New nanomaterial makes it possible. To create membranes that can change droplets into electricity. The system can be based either on chemistry or on large groups of small propellers or millwheels that allow the droplets to rotate them. 

This kind of invention can turn energy production more effective. When we think about cases, there are droplets of rain that form energy. We can think that these kinds of systems can form something that we can call “perpetual motion machine”. 

The closed cycle system. The membrane that creates energy from droplets in the closed tank can offer a new type of  energy source. The sun will vaporize water, and the vapor condenses on the roof of the tank. Then those droplets drop onto that membrane. And that system can create energy in the desert. Another version could be a system that pulls water to the roof using lower pressure. Then that water would be dropped on the membrane. Those kinds of things. It can have interesting uses. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-develop-floating-device-that-harvests-energy-from-raindrops/