When black holes merge. Can black holes explain dark energy?

When black holes merge. Can black holes explain dark energy? 

When we think about gravity. And black holes' movement when they merge. We can ask: can this effect explain dark energy? Or dark matter, or both of them. When black holes merge, they orbit each other before they collide. Gravity is the thing that causes curvature in space and time. That curvature means that the gravity field compresses other energy fields when it pulls them into a black hole. All black holes are surrounded by a transition, or material disk. Those material disks are the most high-energy objects in the universe. When black holes close. With each other. Those material disks start to repel each other. That energy pushes black holes a little bit out from their courses. 

So, gravitation wins, but before the merger, those black holes orbit each other, sending gravitational waves. But when we think about the material disks, particles that orbit the black hole and their event horizon, they transport energy out from that system. The black hole’s event horizon, the point where the escaping velocity reaches the speed of light, is the point where there is no turning back. But before the event horizon, particles can escape from that monster's gravitational field. Maybe. Dark energy forms when some very small black holes interact. 

A photon is a ring-shaped particle that forms around some center. There is a possibility that photons form around the small, quantum-sized black hole. This means dark energy can be some kind of interaction between photons. So. Can dark energy form when photons change their form from particle to wave movement? It’s possible that the photon releases some kind of energy impulse. 

The model goes like that. If there is an energy ring around all gravity centers that sends some radiation or wave movement. That means that energy, or some material rings, form an effect around gravitational and magnetic centers that pushes them away from each other. 

In some theories. Some kind of wormhole. It can bring high-energy particles from the past. If something can bring particles from the past through the shortcut from the past to the present or future. Or maybe. Those wormholes bring high-energy radiation from the past. The fact is that we have no visual observation of dark energy. There is something that forms wave movement that dominates the universe. There is a possibility that the dark energy is some kind of virtual effect. When a black hole’s relativistic jet hits particles, it can turn them to spin. The gamma-rays can turn some part of an atom’s nucleus, like quarks, to spin very fast. 

Theoretically is possible that the fast-spinning quarks can bind energy into it, and then conduct it out from its spin axle. And that could turn material dark. Or invisible if the observer is not looking at it straight from the quark’s spin axis. If that thing is really possible, that means the matter can turn into dark. Because those quarks bind all energy into them. And if matter can wobble between dark and visible states, transformation between those states requires energy. So if matter puts quarks to spin. That requires energy. And if particles slow their spin, that means those particles release energy. If that is really possible. That is the ultimate step in stealth technology. 

And in the most exotic models. Dark energy forms in particles of energy. Or quantum fields are spinning extremely fast. This extremely fast-spinning quantum field locks energy into a particle. Then, for some reason, the spin of that field slows, and that particle releases its extra energy to the environment. That means. Those fast-spinning quantum fields act like natural Tipler cylinders. The idea of the Tipler time machine. Or the Tipler cylinder is simple. Fast-spinning cylinders. Cause time dilation in objects and particles inside them. That means that those cylinders pump energy into those particles, and that slows their aging. So, time moves more slowly in those cylinders. 

The energy whirls and material disks can form the Tipler Cylinder around neutron stars and black holes. So, why doesn’t the fast-spinning quantum field make the same thing into particles? When that fast-spinning quantum field locks energy into a particle. That means time travels more slowly in that field. But if that spinning quantum field is gone, that means that the energy level in particles is higher than it should be. That particle releases more energy than it should. And that can be seen as dark energy. This is one theory that could explain the mystery. Called dark energy. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipler_cylinder

Does the universe end in a big crunch or big silence?

 

Scale of dark energy effecting surrounding stars. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab / Michael Lentz (ScitechDaily, What If Einstein Was Only Half Right? NASA’s New Test for Dark Energy)

The fact is that the only thing we know is that the universe has a beginning and an end. This means. The lifetime of the universe and material as we know it has a limited time. A flat universe means. That the expansion continues forever. The spherical universe means. The universe will collapse into the Big Crunch. The hyperbolic universe means. The universe's expansion continues forever. The fate of the universe. Depends on the density parameter marked as Omega (Ω). This is why. This parameter is sometimes called the “Omega parameter”, but that means the density parameter. The problem with making predictions about the universe’s ultimate fate is that we don’t know the universe’s local geometry. When the universe expands. That means interactions between particles turn weaker. There are four fundamental interactions. Strong, weak nuclear interactions, electromagnetism, and gravitation. 

And we don’t know. Does the dark energy really evolve? The thing is that dark energy will evolve. If it's released in the Big Bang. Another big question is where that energy begins. There are models that dark energy forms in space between subatomic particles. There is something that collects and summarizes energy fields. If there is a fast-spinning structure that binds energy into it, and when its rotation speed decreases. That means. The structure releases its energy. 

“The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space.” (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature.

The ultimate fate of the universe depends on whether the universe is closed or open. If the universe is open. The ultimate fate of the universe is the big silence. If the universe is closed. The ultimate fate of the universe is the Big Crunch. The only thing that fills the condition that the universe is closed is the spherical universe. 

Closed universe

If Ω>1, the geometry of space is closed, like the surface of a sphere. The sum of the angles of a triangle exceeds 180 degrees, and there are no parallel lines; all lines eventually meet. The geometry of the universe is, at least on a very large scale, elliptic. (Wikipedia, Ultimate fate of the universe)

Open universe

If Ω<1, the geometry of space is open, i.e., negatively curved like the surface of a saddle. The angles of a triangle sum to less than 180 degrees, and lines that do not meet are never equidistant; they have a point of least distance and otherwise grow apart. The geometry of such a universe is hyperbolic. (Wikipedia, Ultimate fate of the universe)

There is also a possibility that the universe is virtually open. That means the edge of the pancake universe could be at a higher level than the center of the universe. That makes the universe curve. Above itself like some kind of rosebud.  And that effect. Closes the universe into it. The lower energy center in the universe pulls the edge into it. But that is only speculation. 

In some models, the Big Bang was a series of events. That can form shells. Or layers, or states,  in the universe. Those layers or shells form the structure; their energy jumps back and forth. That model tries to explain dark energy as the oscillation or waves in those layers. 

Another explanation is that the dark energy is the glow of the Big Bang. And in the newest models. Dark energy is the glow that forms when dark matter particles interact. The problem is that we haven’t seen dark matter particles. The only thing. That tells us. A possible dark matter interaction is a strange gamma-ray glow in the center of galaxies. The another explanation can be that the supermassive black holes like Sgr*A. can pull dark energy intside them. If that is true. The supermassive black hole turns dark energy. So dense. It causes some subatomic particles to glow. Another explanation could be that the black hole’s gravitational field stretches protons, and that causes the subatomic particle-antiparticle pairs to annihilate. 

There are theories that some kind of wormholes teleport, or tunnel particles through them. Those wormholes act like masers. They transmit energy into particles that travel in those energy tornadoes or energy tunnels. This is the effect. That denies particles from turning old. When a particle comes out of that wormhole, it releases its energy faster than usual. There is also a possibility that some kind of energy wave travels through those energy bridges, and they can inject more energy into that string. The energy tornado acts like a laser. The wormhole locks energy in the particle. And that denies its aging. 

“A wormhole visualized as a two-dimensional surface. Route (a) is the shortest path through normal space between points 1 and 2; route (b) is a shorter path through a wormhole.” (Wikipedia, Wormhole)

If a particle travels through a wormhole and comes out, its energy level is higher than it should be. And that means it releases energy faster and stronger than normal particles that traveled the same distance.  

And it pumps energy into the field that travels in the electromagnetic or gravitational tornado. If there is a gravitational field that travels in a gravitational tornado, that structure binds gravitational energy into it. But at the same time. The wave that travels in the gravitational tornado sends a stronger gravitational wave than it should when it comes out from that structure. We know that those energy tornadoes are possible. There is evidence. About electromagnetic wormholes, but the wormholes that travel through a gravitational field are not yet proven. 

When we think about the models. Where the dark energy evolves.  Because. All dark energy was released in the Big Bang. We can look at the cosmic microwave background (CMB). There are holes in that image. The expansion can form holes in the dark energy just like it forms holes in the CMB. That forms a vacuum in the energy field. And this causes a situation. Where energy falls into those bubbles. This effect focuses the energy field in those bubbles. 

Above: Cosmic microwave background. 

If dark energy forms fields. The Schwinger effect is also possible between dark energy waves. And the dark energy should also have wave-particle duality. This means that things like Kugelblitz black holes can also form from dark energy. In physics. Kugelblitz means a black hole. That formed straight from radiation or wave movement. 

The thing is that dark energy interacts with all particles, but that interaction is so weak. That we can see it. Only in the large-scale structures. But then back to the universe’s ultimate fate. That thing is one of the biggest mysteries in many ways. For effecting material energy must move. And if dark energy was released in the Big Bang event. The expansion of the universe causes the conclusion that. Dark energy should turn weaker. When the area of the energy expands, but there is no new energy in that area. That turns energy weaker. But if that energy forms somewhere. That means the energy effect turns static. Or it turns even stronger. Dark energy is similar to energy. As all other energy types. 

We don’t know its origin. If dark energy forms somewhere, that could prove the hypothetical particle’s tachyons' existence. Tachyons are hypothetical faster-than-light particles. There is a possibility that the black holes can release those particles. But. When a tachyon comes into three-dimensional space and time. It releases its energy immediately. That means tachyons cannot exist in our universe. It’s possible that tachyons release photons. Those are on the ultra-high energy levels. That can explain dark energy. Dark energy should have interaction with all particles, but that interaction is so weak that we cannot see it. 

There is one very exciting model of dark energy. That model is that dark energy forms outside the universe. Maybe that strange wave movement that dominates the universe existed before the Big Bang. That could explain matter and energy. Same way. As the theory. Where the universe and matter formed from gravitational waves. In the most exciting model, the dark energy formed matter in wave-particle duality. If dark energy is a wave movement. Wave-particle duality (WPD). And the Schwinger effect. It should also be possible in dark energy. That means dark energy can also form particles. But then, what is the ultimate fate of the universe? The fact is this: we don’t know. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-will-the-cosmic-microwave-background-ever-disappear/

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/evolving-dark-energy-big-crunch/

https://hub.jhu.edu/2025/10/16/mysterious-glow-in-milky-way-dark-matter/

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/dark-matter/mysterious-glow-at-the-milky-ways-center-could-reshape-a-major-cosmic-theory

https://sciencenotes.org/cosmic-microwave-background-radiation-cmb-or-cmbr/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-einstein-was-only-half-right-nasas-new-test-for-dark-energy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universe-will-end-in-a-big-crunch-physicists-warns/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Finally, researchers made the complete model for electron emission.

"A curious twist in quantum physics reveals that freedom isn’t just about having enough energy. Even when electrons seem poised to break free from a solid, invisible barriers can hold them back unless they find precise “paths” that lead outward. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Solve Decades-Old Puzzle of Electron Emission)

We can think. That electron emission is one of the simplest things in the world. Energy must only rise in the structure, and that kicks electrons high enough. That they can fly away. This model can work. In 2D structures. There, only the shell electrons must jump away. This model works fine if the outer orbit electron must jump away . The problem is that. The electron emission is harder. To model the 3D structure. Even in 2D structures, electrons must be in the right position. If the electron is on the side of another atom, that thing can jump the electron to another atom. 

So we can use the frog as the model. For how electron emission can happen. The frog wants to jump out of the room. It can jump out of the room if there is no roof. The frog can also try to find the window in the wall that it can use to jump out.  The potential roof is the limit where the electron can remain in the structure. The normal energy state means that the electron, which the frog symbolizes, can simply have enough energy. Doorway state means that the particle must find the right point, the “door” from the potential wall. In the image, that point is the window on the wall. 

The image is taken from ScitTechDaily. The frog is the electron, and the room is the matter, where it tries to escape. The frog, or electron, knows that there is a window that it can use to escape. The room’s walls are potential walls, and the window is the potential window that allows the electron to jump out through it. 

The frog can try to jump through that window to the outside of the room. If the jump is too high or the point where the frog jumps is wrong, the frog cannot travel through the window. The jump can be too low, which means the frog cannot reach the window.

"Artist’s visualization of the doorway states: the “trapped” electrons are like a frog, which has enough energy to escape but does not find the door. Credit: TU Wien" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Solve Decades-Old Puzzle of Electron Emission)

The frog is not a very good example if we want to model an electron. When an electron jumps out from the potential wall through the window, there is a possibility that it starts to transmit or emit photons. Before an electron can send a photon, or photons, its quantum field size increases. If those bulged quantum fields touch the window frames, the electron cannot travel through the window. 

So, if we want to send electrons out from the material, we must have precisely the right energy level. Also, the oscillation of the electron must be precisely right. When an electron releases its extra energy, it sends a photon. That photon emission is not a direct process. The electron sends a series of photons that it reaches the same energy level as its environment. And that is impossible, because the energy level in the universe decreases.  It can travel through the potential window. The reason why an electron sends a series of photons instead of one is this: when a photon travels out from the electron, it leaves the lower energy point behind it. 

That lower energy point near the electron causes a situation. Where energy travels out from the electron. Same way. Energy from outside, in small amounts of low-pressure, falls into that small bubble. That forms a standing wave that denies the photon from traveling to the observer. This means that for reaching the observer. The photon must travel through that potential wall. The photon must have a high enough energy level. 

That it can break the standing wave. Which is one of the potential walls. If the difference between the electron. And its environmental energy state is low. That can cause a situation where the electron sends only one photon. Anyway, electron sends photons all the time, because quantum fields that press against it are turning weaker, because of the universe’s expansion. 

For that process, the photon must collect enough energy. It can travel across that wall. In that process, the potential wall acts like a dam. It stores energy behind it. And when there is enough energy, that wall falls. When that wall falls, it releases energy in the form of a photon. And that forms a new potential wall that stores energy behind it. During the energy load, the particle doesn’t send photons. The energy in a photon must be on a high enough level. It can break through the potential wall. 

This means that: “ Like the frog, an electron needs more than energy to escape; it also needs to find the right 'exit,' a so-called 'doorway state.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Solve Decades-Old Puzzle of Electron Emission)

The doorway state means that the electrons reach the right energy state to jump straight through the doorways, that is, the potential window in this case. If an electron sends a photon. At the wrong moment, those photons deny it to travel through that window. 

If electrons can be used. As data storage. That transports data. In the form of a qubit. It allows researchers to create. The system that stores data as a qubit can send it over the quantum network. The data must be written to electrons using the ultra-thin energy beam that turns it into qubits. But the problem has been. “How to deny the qubit from touching anything, before it jumps out.  That touch destroys data. The problem is that electrons are very small. Another thing is: how to protect them against outside effects. 

This thing makes it possible. To create memory storage, where data is stored in single electrons. The system requires that nothing can affect or touch the electron. When it travels to the sensor. The ability to store data in electrons. That is stored in the material. Allows for storing data in the form of qubits. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-solve-decades-old-puzzle-of-electron-emission/

The universe will end its existence in the Big Crunch.

"A Cornell physicist proposes that the universe is only halfway through its 33-billion-year lifespan, and will one day reverse course. Based on new dark-energy data, Henry Tye’s model suggests the cosmos will stop expanding in about 11 billion years and ultimately collapse into a “big crunch,” ending in a single point. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, 

The new model suggests that the universe. Ends its existence. In the Big Crunch. The Big Crunch means that gravitation wins and all particles fall into the center of the universe. Then that ultimate black hole detonates and forms a new universe. The reason for that is. The distances between particles and other objects will increase. That makes gravitational interactions weaker. In the same way. The other three fundamental interactions turn weaker. 

And another thing is that. The universe leaks. The wave movement or energy travels faster than most particles. And that means wave movement travels before particles. That means the universe loses its energy all the time. Dark energy that rips the universe into pieces will turn weaker because the normal scattering effect doesn’t disturb that wave movement in the same way as other types of wave movement. 

“The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space.” 

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature.

If the density parameter is higher than one, Ω > 1, the universe will collapse. The problem is that the universe should be round anyway. Without depending on the main  shape. So the universe is not square. It's like some CD or round disk.

This means dark energy travels out from the universe. The third interesting thing is that the geometrical shape of the universe could be anything, but its farthest edge is a round or parabolic shape. The geometrical shape of the universe can be any one of those three possible forms, but those forms should be made of a round shape. So if the universe is flat, the shape of the universe is like a CD rather than a square. 

This means gravitation should win, and the universe will fall. Into one point. This means that things like a phoenix-universe could be possible. There is evidence in the Black Hole radiation. could involve information about the past universes that existed before our universe. So if the model. The spherical universe forms and falls again. And again turns real. The universe before the last is larger than the next universe. The reason for that is that not all energy will return to the point where the universe formed. This is one version of the cosmological mystery. And the thing that we should know is this. 

The universe has a beginning and an end. The end is the mystery. But if the end of the universe is the Big Crunch, that means matter forms a giant black hole, which will vaporize or detonate. Because matter cannot just vanish, that means the phoenix universe model is possible. 

https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2025/10/physicist-after-33-billon-years-universe-will-end-big-crunch

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universe-will-end-in-a-big-crunch-physicists-warns/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Russia confirms the successful test of a nuclear-powered cruise missile.

Vladimir Putin and media sources confirm the successful test of the Russian 9M730 Burevestnik. Or Skyfall missile. The missile itself uses a miniature nuclear reactor to give thrust. Nuclear power makes the system operate for months in the atmosphere. The missile can have the ability to travel outside the atmosphere. The Burevestnik missile is one of the new ideas that Vladimir Putin and his general staff can use to break and frighten Western opponents. The size of the Burevestnik missile is quite small. That system can be transported using submarines. Intercontinental ballistic missiles. Or by using aircraft. The Tu-160. But probably also Tu-95. It can act as an airborne launching platform. 

The biggest problem with defense against the Burevestnik missile is. The missile’s nuclear reactor. 

If that miniature reactor breaks, the system will spread its radioactive components to the atmosphere and ground. The Burevestnik is only one of the new weapons that Russia is developing. And maybe there will be something more interesting. Maybe the Russians are planning. To make a nuclear-powered version of the Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack bomber. And those systems are more frightening than the Burevestnik missile can ever be. Nuclear-powered shuttles can travel between Earth and the Moon, and they can also make interstellar travel possible. The Burevestnik missile. It is one of the examples. This introduces the world to what Putin’s biggest advantages are.

"A screenshot shows testing of the Burevestnik nuclear-powered cruise missile, taken from a Russian Defense Ministry video released in 2018. Russian Ministry of Defense" (EurAsianTimes, 

If we compare his position to the West. There were nuclear-powered missile projects in the 1950s and 1960s. Same way. They were tested. Nuclear-powered aircraft like the nuclear-powered Tu-95LAL. The nuclear-powered variant of the Tu-95 “Bear” and nuclear-powered NB-36 bomber, which was the nuclear-powered variant of the B-36”Peacemaker. The Project Pluto. Or SLAM (Supersonic, Low-Flying missile). It was one of the most advanced systems that was developed. The SLAM missile could leave the pollution line behind it in the atmosphere. That caused the risk. Of large-scale pollution. In some variants, the system could use hydrogen as the propellant. 

Hydrogen will not become highly radioactive even if it travels through the reactor. The Burevestnik uses a compressor system that separates the nuclear fuel from the air. But it is also possible that this missile has an attack mode that turns the nuclear reactor into a Ramjet engine. The iris can close the airflow from the compressor, and then the system starts to deliver air into the reactor. From some other vents. This means that. The Burevestnik can have. Cruise and attack modes. 

The SLAM and other nuclear-powered rocket projects were terminated because of public pressure. The attitude against nuclear weapons and nuclear power was very resistant. People are afraid of pollution. And that was the reason why those promising systems terminated in the West. But people like Putin must not care about public opinion. The Burevestnik, or Skyfall missile. Uses more modern technology. And that means this kind of weapon has a very big potential to create nuclear-powered shuttles and other nuclear systems. 

https://defence-industry.eu/russia-confirms-successful-test-of-nuclear-powered-nuclear-armed-burevestnik-cruise-missile/

https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app4/slam.html

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/russia-tests-new-nuclear-powered-burevestnik-cruise-missile/articleshow/124824724.cms

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/russia-fires-worlds-1st-nuke-powered-cruise-missile-burevestnik/

https://nationalsecurityjournal.org/russias-mach-2-tu-160-blackjack-bomber-fastest-and-heaviest-on-earth/

https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/what-is-russias-burevestnik-missile-2025-10-26/

https://www.reuters.com/world/china/russia-tested-new-nuclear-powered-cruise-missile-top-general-says-2025-10-26/

https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3330366/putin-russias-new-nuclear-powered-missile-can-evade-any-defence

https://united24media.com/latest-news/russia-tests-unlimitedrange-burevestnik-nuclear-missile-heres-what-we-know-12821

https://warhistory.org/@msw/article/ltv-slam-project-pluto

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9M730_Burevestnik

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convair_NB-36H

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Pluto

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic_Low_Altitude_Missile

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95LAL

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160

 

Life ingredients found far away from our galaxy.

"The star is situated not far from the Tarantula Nebula, and the ultraviolet light spewed by its baby stars. (X-ray: NASA/CXC/Penn State Univ./L. Townsley et al.; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/JWST ERO Production Team) (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"For the first time, astronomers have seen life's building blocks in ice beyond the borders of our galaxy. Among a mix of complex organic molecules trapped in ice circling a newborn star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, researchers found ethanol, acetaldehyde, and methyl formate – compounds that have never before been spotted in ice form outside the Milky Way.Moreover, another identified compound, acetic acid, has never before been conclusively identified in ice anywhere in space." (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"The discovery, led by astrophysicist Marta Sewiło of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of Maryland, suggests that the ingredients for the chemistry that gives birth to life are widespread and robust across the cosmos, and not limited to our own galaxy." (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"For a century, astronomers have been studying Barnard’s Star in the hope of finding planets around it. First discovered by E. E. Barnard at Yerkes Observatory in 1916, it is the nearest single star system to Earth. Now, astronomers have discovered four sub-Earth exoplanets orbiting the star. One of the planets is the least massive exoplanet ever discovered using the radial velocity technique, indicating a new benchmark for discovering smaller planets around nearby stars. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld" (ScitechDaily, Four Tiny Planets Discovered Near Earth, After Century-Long Search)

Those life ingredients were found near a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud. But that causes an idea. Could there be rogue stars or even rogue planetary systems that travel in intergalactic space? 

Space autoside galaxies are freezing. Intergalactic space is one of the frontiers. That has not been researched yet. There is material. And maybe lone stars, like small red dwarfs, that are fleeing from galaxies. The question is, how long can those stars exist? There is a minimum radiation pressure, and the difference between temperatures on the star’s surface and its environment is far higher than in galaxies. Because there is no starwind or ion flow that travels between stars, that means there is no impact wave between those hypothetical solar systems and the star. 

That means the resistance of the energy flow out from those hypothetical stars outside galaxies and star clusters is minimal. So, there is a possibility that those stars will detonate quite soon. That is one of the most exciting visions that we can imagine. What if those stars really exist? There are stars in dwarf galaxies and star clusters around galaxies like the Milky Way. But can there be lonely red dwarfs outside star clusters and dwarf galaxies? If they exist, those stars would be very hard to detect. 

Researchers found life ingredients outside our galaxy. Those ingredients were found in the icy nebula, in the freezing ice, where the temperature is hardly above zero K. This means that. Those chemical compounds cannot form in that ice. There is always a possibility that a supernova explosion throws that ice away from the galaxy. In this hypothesis. Ice can be a remnant of a water planet. The supernova detonation crushed. There is a possibility that water ice can form in space. 

"The location of the star ST6 within the Large Magellanic Cloud. The JWST image of ST6 is inset bottom right. (NASA/ESA/CSA/JPL-Caltech/M. Sewiło et al., 2025)" (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

An illustration of some of the detected COMs in the ice coating on a grain of dust. (NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center) (Science Alert, Life's Ingredients Found Frozen Beyond The Milky Way For First Time)

"Size comparison between Jupiter, Barnard's Star, and the Sun." (Wikipedia, Barnard's Star)

The red dwarf’s problem: all red dwarfs near us are very young. 

The shockwave from the supernova explosion or some other high-energy reaction. It can push hydrogen and oxygen atoms together. And in that model, there is no need for planets where water ice can form. But the thing that makes those life ingredients so interesting is that on Earth, they form in the cell metabolism. Those chemical compounds that we think of as life ingredients. They are always interesting. Those icy nebulae involve life ingredients. Cause thoughts. Could life itself be a quite usual thing in the universe? Could intelligent civilizations be less usual events than we think? If there are lifeforms. Most of them are quite primitive. The red dwarf can exist for over ten trillion years, and life has time to advance on those stars. Mature red dwarfs. It can have intelligent lifeforms. 

On planets that orbit it. The problem is that there are no very old red dwarfs near our solar system. The three most well-known red dwarfs, Proxima Centauri, Bernard’s star, and Wolf 359, are very young. Their ages are a maximum of 10 billion years, which is the age of Bernard’s star. And that age is very short. If we think that a red dwarf can exist for 10 trillion years. Proxima Centauri is the same age as our Sun, and Wolf 359 is a very young star. 

Life on red dwarf planets might be something that we have ever thought of before. The red dwarfs are flare stars. But that is only one period of those stars’ lives. The Sun can live 10 billion years. The red dwarf can exist for even over ten trillion years. This means life has more time to advance near those strange stars. The Proxima Centauri. As an example. It is about 5 billion years old. That means it's about the same age as our sun. But Proxima Centauri can live or exist. Even billions of years. So, Proxima Centauri is very young. If we compare its existence with its predicted lifetime. Another close red dwarf, Bernard’s Star, is about 10 billion years old. That red dwarf. That is slightly larger than Jupiter. 

Has four exoplanets. The third interesting red dwarf, Wolf 359, has no known planetary system. That red dwarf is about 0,1-1,5 billion years old. So, there is no planet formation possible near that very small red dwarf. Wolf 359 is at the beginning of its life, and it's in the most sensitive flare period. Life is a complicated thing. And that means there are many things that can cause destruction. Cosmic catastrophes can destroy the entire planet. Before it can form. Or some flare eruption can sterilize the planet. But that requires. The flare hits the planet directly. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/lifes-ingredients-found-frozen-beyond-the-milky-way-for-first-time

https://scitechdaily.com/four-tiny-planets-discovered-near-earth-after-century-long-search/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_359

New eye implant restores vision.

"A new electronic eye implant has restored reading vision to people blinded by dry age-related macular degeneration. In a major trial, patients using the PRIMA implant and augmented-reality glasses were able to see letters and words again after years of darkness." (ScitechDaily, Solar-Powered Eye Implant Restores Reading Vision)

The solar-powered eye implant restores reading vision. These types of innovations are coming. Into everyday use. Those microchip implants could make a person see in the dark. If there is an IR and thermal IR vision. The fact is that these kinds of microchips are tools. That can make it possible to combine humans with machines in new ways. The eye-implanted microchips can act as screens. That makes it possible to create a connection with the internet without the brain implants. 

The microchip that restores vision can send that data into the nerve, or it can act as a screen. The system can transmit those signals to the optic nerve or straight to the visual cortex of the brain. That requires a connection between that chip and the visual cortex. 

The last version is the intelligent contact lens that can revolutionize. The human’s abilities. In those systems, the CCD camera is on the other side. And the screen is on the other side. The system can have a miniaturized Bluetooth. This makes it possible to communicate. With other Bluetooth devices. 

The same technology is used with those microchips. It can be used with intelligent contact lenses, which are a lightweight method. To complete the human-machine interface. The intelligent microchips can accomplish the task. That we can call. The technical remote view. Those microhips can collect information from drones and other tools. Which have the compatible systems. 

There is a possibility that the animal. Like some bird. Could get this microchip. And then the GSM- or radio transmitter. That allows it to transmit everything that it sees to the ground stations. Small-sized data transmitters can be connected to the feet of the bird, like message capsules are connected with a bird of prey. Or they can be surgically implanted under the chest of the animal. Those systems can transmit voice and images to the observers. Those microchips can involve microphones. And they allow operators to see how real animals behave. They can also be used in robots as tools that can collect information and share it between other actors. 

https://scitechdaily.com/solar-powered-eye-implant-restores-reading-vision/