Controlling qubits on the next level.

“Caltech has built the world’s largest neutral-atom qubit array—6,100 qubits—pushing quantum computers closer to error correction and full-scale computation. Credit: Stock. (ScitechDaily, Caltech Shatters Record With 6,100-Qubit Quantum Array)

Researchers controlled a 6100-qubit quantum array. That thing is an impressive advance in quantum computing. But then. We must realize. There is a lot of work to do. With the quantum arrays and quantum computers that can operate at room temperature. The quantum computers operate at room temperature. Can also use the new rainbow lasers. 

Those rainbow lasers can act as the qubit. Each wavelength in the system. It is one state of the qubit. Sending the qubit over distance can happen as the qubit, where that thing travels through the quantum channel. That quantum channel means that the system can teleport the qubit. When the qubit tunnels through the quantum fields, it doesn’t lose information. 

The system can have multiple quantum strings, and each of those strings can have states. One and zero. This means that the multiple linear binary computers can emulate the quantum computer. The model is this: one computer shares information. To other microprocessors (Figure 1). The thing that can create more effective binary computers. Is the 2-state qubit structure.

Figure 1: The image of the virtual quantum system. The Chip 1 shares data with Chips 2, 3, and 4. The system can act like a regular quantum computer.

Figure 2: The quantum system can look like this. The pearls are photons that hang in quantum strings.  

Figure 3: The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system

Figure 4: This schematic illustration shows the diffractive element in the high-power microcomb source separating comb lines spectrally. Credit: Courtesy of Michal Lipson lab (ScitechDaily, Scientists Accidentally Create a “Rainbow Laser” on a Tiny Chip)

Figure 5: A 25-year quantum puzzle is solved, bringing teleportation closer to reality. Achieving the entanglement measurement of the W state. Credit: KyotoU / Takeuchi la. (ScitechDaily, Scientists Capture W State, Unlocking Quantum Teleportation)

The system can have three states, or levels. The states one and two mean zero and one. And the third state tells. The power is on in the microchip. This system can work. In photonic and electric microchips. The quantum computer can handle multiple tasks. At the same time. Or the system can share complex calculations with multiple quantum states or multiple quantum strings.  

That can solve many problems. And maybe that thing is the new step to the real-life “Multivac”. The hypothetical quantum computer, which plays as the main character in Isaac Asimov’s novels like The Last Question”. 

Real-life version of “Multivac” can involve. The quantum channels that act as quantum strings. The photons that are put in the superposition and entanglement can hang in the quantum strings. So they are like pearls in an abacus. The system can be used. The photonic chip that transmits data to the first line of the photons. The rainbow laser chip can transmit information into those photons or “quantum pearls,” and then the system transmits data forward over those photon lines. 

Those lines are a series of superpositioned and entangled photons. And that thing can be the tool. That can solve many problems. The system can involve multiple internal quantum channels. There are multiple quantum pearls that can transmit data vertically and horizontally. This type of system can involve multiple different states. 

https://scitechdaily.com/caltech-shatters-record-with-6100-qubit-quantum-array/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-capture-w-state-unlocking-quantum-teleportation/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-accidentally-create-a-rainbow-laser-on-a-tiny-chip/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit

The plasmonic equatorial interaction forms the black hole's giant energy impulses.

“A chain of plasmoids is created on the equatorial plane along the current sheet, where the particle density (left part) is higher. Here, magnetic reconnection takes place, accelerating particles to very high energies (right). Particles also reach relativistic speeds along the spin axis and eventually form the jet powered by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism. Gray: Magnetic field lines. Credit: Meringolo, Camilloni, Rezzolla (2025) (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Solved a Black Hole Mystery 100 Years in the Making)

Astronomers studying the supermassive black hole M87*, a behemoth six and a half billion times the mass of the Sun, have uncovered a new way these cosmic monsters unleash their power.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Solved a Black Hole Mystery 100 Years in the Making)

“Using cutting-edge simulations, scientists at Goethe University Frankfurt revealed that not just magnetic fields, but a process called magnetic reconnection, helps extract energy from a spinning black hole to launch jets of matter stretching thousands of light-years. These immense cosmic beams, moving at nearly light speed, scatter energy and matter across galaxies, shaping their evolution.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Solved a Black Hole Mystery 100 Years in the Making)

A chain of high-energy plasmoids is one of the sources of the black hole's powerful high-energy radiation. The high-energy radiation. That comes from black holes that form when magnetic field connections and magnetic field disconnections occur. There are moments when a black hole pulls even magnetic fields into its event horizon. And in that case, the particle that falls into the black hole falls by following the spiral trajectory. Suddenly, that whirl forms a magnetic field that starts to drive material into the black hole’s poles. This thing packs the plasma in the black hole’s equator.

“In the equatorial plane of the black hole, the researchers’ calculations revealed intense reconnection activity, leading to the formation of a chain of plasmoids – a condensation of plasma in energetic “bubbles” – moving at nearly the speed of light. According to the scientists, this process is accompanied by the generation of particles with negative energy that is used to power extreme astrophysical phenomena like jets and plasma eruptions.”   (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Solved a Black Hole Mystery 100 Years in the Making)

When that magnetic connection causes cross-flow. In the plasma. That thing causes fusion  and a very powerful energy point. That pushes those plasmoids away from the structure. This is the thing. That we see as flashes in a black hole’s energy production. The magnetic field connections and disconnections can form extremely powerful plasma beams. The idea is that. The opposite polar layer pulls plasma against it. Then the crossing field will be connected. And that pulls the packed plasma to the poles. 

 And then the magnetic field will be connected. That thing should form in the same way as powerful plasmoid effects. It forms around black holes. Cutting the magnetic field allows the system to pack plasma against the layer. Then the magnet that pulls plasma to a certain direction causes cross-pull. To the plasma layer. This thing forms an energy point that can form a very high-power plasma effect. In that system, the vertical magnet forms the plasma pack. And the horizontal magnet pulls the plasma into a certain direction. 

There is a possibility of mimicking the black hole’s plasma interaction using high-power magnets. Those systems can be used. In many kinds of things. The high-power plasmons that impact can form a fusion reaction in the air. The positive and negative ions (anions). Pull each other together. This thing can form a pulsating plasma-fusion reaction.  There can be multiple solutions in military and civil technology. For that kind of high-energy reaction. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-solved-a-black-hole-mystery-100-years-in-the-making/

Human-shaped robots can be more intelligent than a regular human.

Human-shaped robot. That living brains control. Seems science fiction. But there is a possibility. Artificial brains. Created by using cloned living neurons and connected to a robot body using the new artificial neurons as glue. Those artificial neurons can act as a bridge between living neural tissue and computers that communicate with those brains. The system can connect the robot body to bains. Using the neural tracks that are in the neck. 

The problem with those systems is that they need nutrients and bone marrow to feed those brains. The system also needs immune cells to protect living neurons against infections. The technology. Where researchers create cells. That doesn’t launch an immune reaction. Allows developers to create a system that feeds living brains. The system can have an artificial digestive tract. That gets nutrients for the neurons that control the body. 

These kinds of bionic robots are very interesting. And at the same time frightening thing. The system where living neurons control the entire body is only an extended version of the bionic systems. The purpose is to control prostheses. In the case of the bionic robots. The robot is a combination of different types. Of prostheses. The regular neuroimplant can operate those robots by using different types of radio communication. The artificial body requires a connection. There, the brains talk with non-organic robots and living brains. 

The brain can be printed using bioprinters. That makes it possible to create new brains using 3D tissue printing technology. This kind of hypothetical system can create a mass army of robots. The artificial brains are things. That developers grow in a Petri dish. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-and-harvard-build-invisible-immune-cells-that-obliterate-cancer/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-create-artificial-neuron-that-speaks-the-language-of-the-brain/

New stealth cells can battle against cancer.

"A new study identifies genetic modifications that make “natural killer” more effective at destroying cancer cells. Credit: NIAID" (ScitechDaily, MIT and Harvard Build “Invisible” Immune Cells That Obliterate Cancer)

“In biology, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)—also known as chimeric immunoreceptors, chimeric T cell receptors or artificial T cell receptors—are receptor proteins that have been engineered to give T cells the new ability to target a specific antigen. The receptors are chimeric in that they combine both antigen-binding and T cell activating functions into a single receptor.” (Wikipedia, CAR T cell)

“CAR T cell therapy uses T cells engineered with CARs to treat cancer. T cells are modified to recognize cancer cells and destroy them. The standard approach is to harvest T cells from patients, genetically alter them, then infuse the resulting CAR T cells into patients to attack their tumors.” (Wikipedia, CAR T cell)

The CAR-NK (Natural killer) cells are genetically engineered versions of the CAR-T cells. That normally destroys cancer cells and virus-infected cells. There is a possibility. To create those cells using cloning and genetic engineering. But the problem is. How to make those genetically engineered cells avoid the immune system. The problem with those cells is that the system must create them from the patient’s own cells. And that limits the use of those cells in immune therapy. 

That purpose is used in cancer treatment. It’s possible to create lots of CAR-NK-cells in laboratories. In a conventional way. It takes several weeks to produce enough CAR-T cells to fight against cancer. If the therapy must be given. By growing those CAR-NK cells. Using the patient’s own cells. 

“In the new study, the MIT team set out to find a way to help NK cells 'hide' from a patient’s immune system. Through studies of immune cell interactions. They showed. NK cells could evade a host T-cell response if they did not carry surface proteins called HLA class 1 proteins. These proteins, usually expressed on NK cell surfaces, can trigger T cells to attack if the immune system doesn’t recognize them as “self.” (ScitechDaily,MIT and Harvard Build “Invisible” Immune Cells That Obliterate Cancer)

“To take advantage of this, the researchers engineered the cells to express a sequence of siRNA (short interfering RNA) that interferes with the genes for HLA class 1. They also delivered the CAR gene, as well as the gene for either PD-L1 or single-chain HLA-E (SCE). PD-L1 and SCE are proteins. That makes NK cells more effective by turning up genes. Those involved in killing cancer cells.” (ScitechDaily,MIT and Harvard Build “Invisible” Immune Cells That Obliterate Cancer)

Above: Traditional way to make CAR-T cells. 

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“CAR-NK therapy”

“Natural killer cells belong to the innate immune system, while they perform anti-tumor functions in a very similar mechanism to CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. CAR-NK provides new perspectives in the cancer immunotherapy field after the advancement of CAR-T therapy.”

Advantages

“1) Improved safety: mitigated cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity and graft-versus-host response compared to CAR-T therapy.”

“2)Multiple activation mechanisms: can perform cytotoxic activity both CAR-dependently and CAR-independently.”

“3) off-the-shelf" potential.”

“Limitations"

"The lack of an efficient way for gene transduction is the major limitation of CAR-NK therapy. Although retroviral vectors exhibit up to 70% efficiency with the presence of membrane-bound cytokines, it would bring problems such as insertional mutagenesis and reduced NK viability. While lentivirus transduction generally causes lower genotoxicity but with lower transfection efficiency”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_adoptive_immunotherapy

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But the problem is: how to make their surface antigens match the receiver’s immune system. If those surface antigens are wrong immune system attacks those cells immediately. And that can make the therapy even more harmful than leaving the patient without therapy. So, what people need is a large number of neutral CAT-NK cells that can be injected into any patient. And researchers have created  CAR-NK cells. That doesn’t launch the immune system. 

Another problem is that. It’s possible that those cancer patients’ immune systems are very weak. That causes risk, the CAR-NK cells. These are injected into the patient’s body. It can start to attack healthy cells. The main element in the immune therapy is that. Those injected CAR-NK cells must recognize the targeted cells and separate them from other cells. 

Harvard and MIT created the CAR-NK cells that don’t carry the HAL surface proteins. That makes those cells avoid immune attack, because the HAL antigen activates T-cell attack against those cells. Without the HAL protein, the T-cell will not activate. 

This kind of research makes it possible. To create many other organ transplant technologies. There is a possibility of creating blood. That fits everybody. 

The ability to make stealth cells is a tool. That can also help to give treatment for many injuries. If researchers can make. Universal blood cells, bone marrow, universal bone cells, and universal tissues can be transplanted to any person. That gives them the possibility to create new types of medical treatments. The ability to create universal cells that don’t activate the immune system makes it possible to create 3D printed organs that can save lives. The major problem with the 3D-printed organs is how to get enough cells that don’t activate the immune system. But if somebody can create the cells there. The immune activators are stripped; that thing can turn. New types of therapies are possible. For diseases and accidents. 

But the problem is that this kind of technology is dangerous in the wrong hands. Those techniques allow researchers to create new types of biological weapons. Those biological weapons can be bacteria or maybe viruses that don’t activate the immune system. Those weapons could form things like poisons in the human body. Or they can attack vital organs. The biological weapon can be transgenetic bacteria. That pollutes the human body, creates viruses, or poisons. After a certain time, those biological weapons can destroy themselves. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-and-harvard-build-invisible-immune-cells-that-obliterate-cancer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAR_T_cell

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_adoptive_immunotherapy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentivirus

How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop?

“A new tool, Effort.jl, is revolutionizing cosmology by letting scientists analyze enormous datasets quickly and accurately on a simple laptop. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Researchers Have Discovered a Way To Simulate the Universe – on a Laptop)

How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop? The answer lies in the accuracy the system employs. When we want to conduct. In a comprehensive analysis or simulation of the entire system, we must first select the scale at which we want to simulate it. If we want to make a simulation of the entire universe, we must begin with its smallest parts. In this case, we must only remember that the system's entirety is the sum of multiple subsystems. An atom, as an example, is the sum of electron shells and the nucleus. 

The nucleus of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons. And protons and neutrons are sums of quarks and gluons. We can make the simulation step by step. First, we can make a simulation of interactions. Between quarks and gluons. Then we can connect these simulations. Together with the proton and neutron interaction. 

And then we can make simulations. Of how electrons behave with each other and then how electron orbits interact with the atomic core. In this case, the system handles the entirety as modules. Each module handles each participant. The proton module involves the up and down quarks. Interaction with each other. This means that the system creates a mosaic where each participant of the structure is handled. Like an element. The system forms a bigger structure by connecting the smaller mosaic plates. The system makes a puzzle. Where each piece is a smaller-sized system. And together. Those smaller systems form a bigger entirety. 

If we want to calculate chemistry calculations. And to make simulations. Between molecules, we must not know quark interactions. We can choose the scale as atoms or atomic groups. To make simulations of their behaviors. In molecular-scale interactions. Those interactions happen in the farthest electron orbital. So we must not care. About the internal interactions of atoms. Removing. Unnecessary parts from the simulations. We can remove too high accuracy. 

That means we remove unnecessary parts of the system. If we want to drive from point A to point B. We want to know what route we choose. We don’t want to know what kind of houses or what kind of trees. Are in certain areas. We don’t need to know when every single person comes home. We must not know there is a free parking lot if we are on a transit journey. We need to know only which streets we select. This means the system must remove unnecessary information to make our work easier. So, the system gives only information. That we need. 

When we talk about accuracy. We can think that the system must control small points in the simulations. If we want to make a complete simulation of the universe and start from the quark-gluon levels, there are too many points that the system must handle.  We should begin those simulations from a much higher level. Like in the level of local galactic clusters. That means . We must make a model. Where the details in the entirety are lost. That allows us to handle things like galaxies as one point or entirety. 

If we want to simulate the interactions between galaxies. We must realize that there are billions of galaxies in the universe. That makes this type of simulation hard to make. There are billions of stars in each galaxy. And all giant spiral galaxies are following large groups of star clusters and dwarf galaxies. 

But it's possible to handle those systems as a whole. In that model. The system makes ball-shaped structures. There, it removes details. So the galaxies are like balls that interact with each other. But then there are still too many objects. That means we can make another crop. We can select certain galaxies whose interactions we can analyze. If we want to make a simulation. 

To determine how the Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way will collide, we must calculate the route that those galaxies follow. There, we need to see the effect. The Magellanic Clouds affect that route. Calculating that three-body problem is possible, if we do not follow the highest accuracy. There is a possibility that Andromeda travels past the Milky Way. And then those galaxies start to orbit each other. Closing together. Then in the last stage, the supermassive black holes collide in the middle of the new galaxy. 

But if we want to make universe-scale simulations. We must use a different scale of accuracy. We must not calculate all electrons and each electron's trajectories. If we want to calculate things like how stars or interstellar nebulae behave. We must change the scale of accuracy. To make a large-scale simulation. We must understand that we can cut off atomic-scale objects. If we simulate large entireties. 

In universe-scale simulations, it's important. To determine the thing. What we want to simulate. If we want to simulate interactions between two galactic superclusters, we must not calculate the interactions of each single galaxy. We can think. That those galaxies and even local clusters are the entirety at the level of cosmic superclusters. We can think that. The superclusters are like balls. The giant entities where the local clusters form the mass centers. Or we can simply think. That they are like giant balls. That makes the simulation of the galactic superclusters' interactions easy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-have-discovered-a-way-to-simulate-the-universe-on-a-laptop/

JWST could find a star that gets its energy from dark matter.

 

“New JWST observations hint that some of the universe’s first luminous bodies weren’t ordinary fusion stars at all, but supermassive dark stars – vast hydrogen-helium structures powered by dark-matter annihilation. A team now reports four ultra-distant candidates whose spectra and morphology fit this picture, including a tentative helium-ion (He II 1640 Å) absorption feature. If confirmed, these objects could help explain JWST’s puzzlingly bright early sources and the rapid rise of supermassive black holes. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily) 

JWST might have found a new type of star that takes its energy from dark matter. If that dark matter star exists, that thing can mean revolution in dark matter and dark energy research. JWST found that star at the edge of the universe, and it might be a giant structure of hydrogen and helium. And the dark matter annihilation or dark matter particles’ impacts give energy to the star.

That explains dark energy. This model also works with some virtual particles. If the dark matter is in so-called mini voids. Impacts of those minivoids can also release energy. When those voids impact the quantum walls around them. Impact each other, and that can send the energy wave to the universe. 

There is also a possibility that dark matter itself doesn’t send energy that can interact with the helium and hydrogen. There is a possibility. Dark energy can interact with some subatomic particles. Like electrons or certain quark types. There is a possibility that dark energy has a short wavelength. It can affect only particles like gluons. 

When dark energy impacts the particle. It raises its energy level and mass. If dark matter is the structure that spins at a very high speed. That thing binds energy fields into that structure. And that thing binds hydrogen and helium together. Dark energy can make. The star glows. If its density is high enough. The dark matter can release dark energy if the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Impact with other WIMPs. 

That thing explains why we cannot see dark matter or dark energy. But if dark matter impacts are sources of dark energy, we must realize that the dark matter itself could be some kind of energy field that surrounds some kind of energy pothole. In that model. A skyrmion or an exciton can create the pothole, which locks the wave surrounding that pothole. That makes an effect. That looks like a gravitational interaction.

But then we must realize. That things like black holes eat quantum fields. When those fields travel in the black holes, there are fewer fields left between black holes. The fields turn weaker. And they can transmit less energy than before. When black holes pull matter and dark matter inside them, that thing changes the relations between the four fundamental interactions. 

In an extremely hot universe. Just after the Big Bang. The dominant interaction was the strong nuclear interaction. When the universe turned colder. The weak nuclear interaction turned dominant. After that, the electromagnetic interaction turned dominant. And when the universe was cold enough, the gravity turned dominant. This means. The quantum fields' density. Or their power determines which of the four fundamental interactions is dominant. 

This means that if some particle. Or an object presses the quantum fields into a dense enough state that it can change the dominance. Or relations of the four fundamental interactions. This thing could revolutionize our way. Of seeing energy and matter. 

https://scitechdaily.com/jwst-may-have-discovered-a-new-kind-of-star-powered-by-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

Time crystals and condensed time.

"Physicists at TU Wien have uncovered a surprising route to “time crystals,” where quantum particles create their own rhythm without an external clock. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Can Time Itself Form a Crystal? New Research Says Yes, in a Surprising Way)

“In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state. “(Wikipedia, Time Crystal)

“Time crystals were first proposed theoretically by Frank Wilczek in 2012 as a time-based analogue to common crystals – whereas the atoms in crystals are arranged periodically in space, the atoms in a time crystal are arranged periodically in both space and time. Several different groups have demonstrated matter with stable periodic evolution in systems that are periodically driven. In terms of practical use, time crystals may one day be used as quantum computer memory.” (Wikipedia, Time Crystal)

Can time form a crystal? The fact is that the time crystal is not the time itself. A time crystal is a structure where atoms wobble back and forth. The thing that makes this thing very Impressive is that. The time crystal can recycle energy. And that makes this thing a quantum perpetual motion machine. A time crystal can form a tool. That could see the future. 

The idea is that those particles start to spin at a speed. That is near the speed of light. Or the quantum field. That surrounds a time crystal can start to spin. With very high speed. 

This event forms the Tipler cylinder around the structure. If we could create a skyrmion or trap a series of photons around a time crystal. That thing, along with wobbling particles or spinning particles, can form a situation. Where time dilation. Turns the time negative. The thing is based on multiple rotational movements. In that case, the structures in the fields that surround the structure spin. And those internal particles spin. In that case. A time crystal can make a so-called virtual crossing of the speed of light. 

The time crystal requires very low temperatures for existence. We can imagine a situation where some quantum field starts to surround the matter. At a very high speed. That thing causes time dilation in the particle. And maybe one explanation for dark matter is these kinds of particles. The fast-spinning field around the particle locks energy into it. That means the particle will not turn into the wave movement as it should. 

But can time itself condense? That requires that time will have some kind of form. In some models, the time itself forms the fourth and fifth dimensions. Time that travels forward is the fourth dimension. And time that travels forward is the fifth dimension. The time that travels forward. And the time that travels backward collides. That thing forms the “time soliton” that could be the thing. That we call the “condensed time”. This thing requires that time has form in space. 

The arrow of time explains that if time moves forward. It turns time back around that arrow of time. That means when the arrow of time moves in some direction, it moves some other arrow of time to the opposite direction. 

But does time have an effect in the space between particles? In this model, time is an illusion. Or some kind of energy form. And energy is wave movement.. Materia is condensed energy, and its evaporation means that it releases wave movement. And because matter is condensed wave movement, when it releases wave movement, matter sends a part of itself. The other particle can receive that wave movement. And that decreases its evaporation. That means that the arrow of time can be proven even if time is an illusion. When a high-energy object sends energy to other objects, it slows their evaporation process. 

If time is the thing that is connected to matter, and the evaporation or changing to the wave movement is the thing that determines time, the arrow of time still exists. This means that if a particle evaporates, it transfers wave movement to other particles. 

"Space-time is often imagined as a real fabric in which past, present, and future events coexist — but this interpretation may be misleading. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, Space-Time Does Not Exist – Here’s Why That Matters)

The space-time model where a black hole connects the time that travels forward to the time that travels backward. That could cause a situation that time itself can condense and form the hypothetical “Time soliton”. 

An instant is the three-dimensional collection of spatially separated events that happen “at the same time” (with relativity’s usual caveat that simultaneity depends on one’s relative state of rest).” (ScitetchDaily, Space-Time Does Not Exist – Here’s Why That Matters)

Space-time itself does not exist in the form of some kind of matter. So, space-time is not a physical thing. Space-time is the term. That means. The matter and energy interactions. In the 3- or 4-dimensional structure that we call the universe or space. If we are sharp, we call the structure where all known matter and energy are. As “Universe”. The Universe is the structure in space. The space continues beyond the universe. 

“ScitechDaily determines space-time like this: “In physics, space-time is the continuous set of events that happen throughout space and time — from here to the furthest galaxy, from the Big Bang to the far future. It is a four-dimensional map that records and measures where. And when everything happens. In physics, an event is an instantaneous occurrence at a specific place and time.” (ScitetchDaily, Space-Time Does Not Exist – Here’s Why That Matters)

Wikipedia determines space-time like this: 

“In physics, space-time, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Space-time diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events occur.” (Wikipedia, Spacetime)

So, space-time is a term that involves all interactions in the universe. If we think about time. And its form, time runs faster. If we are outside energy fields. In the universe, the quantum or energy fields press against the wave movement that comes from all particles. When the pressure of the quantum fields turns lower. That causes a situation where particles. Send photons. And sooner or later, they turn into a wave movement. That process is called evaporation. 

But outside the universe, there are no quantum fields, or they are very weak. That means those particles that come out from the universe. Will go to an area. There is no energy. That turns them into a wave movement immediately. So even if there are other universes, that doesn’t mean that any particle can travel across that border. If a particle starts to travel from one universe to another, it cannot cross that zero-energy void as a particle. 

https://scitechdaily.com/can-time-itself-form-a-crystal-new-research-says-yes-in-a-surprising-way/

https://scitechdaily.com/space-time-does-not-exist-heres-why-that-matters/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal

What is quantum stealth?

When we think about the “silver ball” UFOs. Those systems can really exist. But maybe their origin is in some laboratories on Earth, rather than. on some alien planet. There is a possibility that those systems are some kind of aluminium balloons. Maybe those “antigravity” systems use “lighter than air” technology. Along with the Meissner effect. The Meissner effect is the superconducting levitation effect. Superconducting technology makes it possible. 

To create systems that allow radio waves to travel through the material without an echo. In superconducting technology. The material is at a very low temperature. That makes the atoms. Create the atomic chains that allow radio impulses to travel through that structure. If there are atomic chains that drive radio impulses through the superconducting object. The Meissner effect can. Also, drive radio waves around the object. 

If we think. That the system uses. This kind of technology. Which explains why it’s invisible to radars and infrared. If the system has the graphene system. This allows it to send the counter impulse to radars. These kinds of systems can create a cloud around the ball. The acoustic systems can also create a pressure-wave-based protective field around the object. The system can use the graphene. 

In some models, the system can trap photons or skyrmions around it. Those things act like a quantum-sized bearing. That can put a light slide above the layer. Like radio waves slide above the stealth structure. The system must create the hovering light wave that keeps the incoming radiation away from the surface. 

With vertical fullerene nanotubes. This structure can create a system that can give pressure waves. Those systems can be the miniature versions of the coherent sound wave-making systems. Those coherent acoustic (pressure)waves can act as virtual antigravity systems. In some cases, the superconducting ball with the Meissner effect can also decrease the weight of the craft and aim energy waves inside. That thing denies the radar echoes. 

Graphene is one of the promising materials in quantum stealth systems. 

“Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature.” (Wikipedia, Meissner effect)

Graphene and nanotechnology are tools that can make the impossible possible. Nanotechnology allows researchers to create systems. These are invisible to radar. infrared. And even to human eyes. The idea is that matter. Sends the energy styluses against radiation. The energy, or quantum needles, pushes the incoming radiation away from the structure. 

This system can involve a graphene surface. The vertical fullerene nanotubes. There can be an atom chain in the fullerene nanotube. When some radiation travels against that surface, the system sends energy transmitted to the stick. Then that stick sends an energy needle against the radiation. 

The system can put energy against this stick using the skyrmion or photon. In some ideas. The parabolic quantum fields. Inside graphene, or between its atoms, can create the focus. The radiation that impacts those microfocuses can scatter away the structure around the surface. If that scattering effect. It can turn too strong; there is a possibility that the material turns invisible. 

The graphene has photons. Or some other particles trapped can create the scattering effect. The energy will be pressed into that particle. Then that particle can send energy styluses that can cause a situation where incoming radiation cannot reach the surface.

Nanotechnical structures, such as iron balls between graphene atoms, can also make it possible to create systems that defy the laws of nature. Those nano-balls that the system can put into spin can absorb energy by aiming energy at those nanoballs. Those spinning balls can capture energy in the form of kinetic energy. 

There is possibility that nanotechnology allows creation. Of nano-sized neutron stars or neutron globules that fit into the graphene. They can create similar electromagnetic jets. Like neutron stars. If the material puts them into a spin. A very advanced nuclear technology is needed if somebody wants to make that thing before. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-deliberately-add-defects-to-graphene-unlocking-new-powers/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

Quantum tunneling gave the Nobel prize.

"A simulation of a wave packet incident on a potential barrier. In relative units, the barrier energy is 20, greater than the mean wave packet energy of 14. A portion of the wave packet passes through the barrier." (ScitechDaily,

Quantum tunneling gave the Nobel Prize. To people who researched it. Quantum tunneling is one of the most impressive phenomena, which can make it possible to teleport information or, someday, even humans. 

The phenomenon means that a particle. Like an electron or a photon. Can travel through the potential barrier without causing visible damage. Wikipedia describes quantum tunneling like this: “In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object, such as an electron or atom, passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or surmount the barrier.” (Wikipedia, Quantum tunneling) 

Quantum tunneling happens when two potential barriers interact. The particle that should tunnel through the wall travels in the quantum shadow or quantum channel. The edge of that channel pushes the vertical potential field away from its route. And if the vertical potential wall cannot crush that channel, the channel allows particles to travel through it without touching the vertical potential wall. 

The tunneling effect makes it possible. To create new types of sensors and other tools. Theoretically is possible to tunnel even humans through the walls. The tunneling effect forms. When an electron or some other particle is in the laser beam. Then the electromagnetic shadow pulls the electron to the potential wall. The potential barrier. That keeps the electron away from the potential wall. That it should pass. It is at the edge of the electromagnetic shadow, or quantum channel. 

One of the reasons why it's very hard to transport complex systems through the wall is that. The system must raise the energy level in all particles. In the system simultaneously. If there is an internal shockwave. That forms when an energy wave travels to the front of the system. That thing destroys the system. The teleportation requires. All particles in the system. Take the energy load at the same moment. And then the teleportation system. Must keep the transportable objects in their form. The system must create a quantum channel. That pulls the object through it. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

Can dark energy and dark matter be some kind of virtual effects?

"A new analysis suggests the universe’s “missing” mass and energy may be artifacts of slowly varying fundamental couplings. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (SctechDaily)

A new paper suggests that dark energy and dark matter are virtual effects. And the reason for that effect is the expansion of the universe. That means the fundamental interactions turn weaker. And that causes a virtual effect. That we see as dark energy and dark matter. The problem with all models is: where should we put gravity? When the universe expands. 

The distance between objects turns longer. This means that gravity turns weaker. And that means that the effect of the other three known fundamental forces turns stronger. In this model, the expansion of the universe is. Causes a situation. Where relations between fundamental interactions change.  This thing means that the universe will end its existence in a Big Crunch. Dark matter and dark energy are effects that dominate the universe. When we think of the expansion of the universe. 

That turns quantum fields weaker. This causes the expansion of the elementary particles. This means that they form a lower energy space. In the particle. And the structure that. It might be a whisk-looking superstring structure that also delivers energy. When the universe expands, matter turns into wave movement. There can be higher energy particles than predicted. And maybe those particles are the reason. For dark energy. 

There are suggestions that dark matter and dark energy are the vacuums in the cosmos. Those vacuums or cosmic voids can put the energy in motion. And if that void collapses, it forms a dark effect that acts like gravity. There are also suggestions. The cosmic microvoids, which are atom-scale cosmic voids, can form an effect. That looks like materia. 

Image of a photon. 

There is a possibility. There is a structure in some particles. That focuses the energy into the center of the structure. The photon is the structure. There can be a parabolic pothole in the energy ring. That causes a situation. That photon can focus energy in the middle of it. 

There are also models that. Photons are a dark energy source. And maybe. Dark energy is from too high-energy-level photons. When we think about a photon’s shape. And its interactions. The one reason why photons seem to have no mass. But it reacts to gravity. This means there could be some kind of scattering effect that denies the gravitational wave interaction with the photon. 

If a photon has a quantum-sized black hole in the middle of it. That forms the gravitational counter wave that makes the photon hover. In the gravity field. 

This can form in the center of the photon. And the quantum-size black hole can explain why a photon is so different than other particles. If the photon is a donut-shaped energy field that forms around the quantum-sized black hole. That explains its strange behavior. In that model, the thing that interacts with the photon is the quantum field. Where that particle travels. 

When a photon takes its wave movement form. It's possible that this particle just stretches. The photon can store energy like all other particles. And if forms around the quantum-size black hole, that structure interacts like all other black holes. That back hole pulls quantum fields from around it. That quantum-size black hole packs energy into the relativistic beam. And maybe. That beam is the thing. That we call dark energy. The question is, what puts energy into moving? 

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/quantum-physics/the-shape-of-light-scientists-reveal-image-of-an-individual-photon-for-1st-time-ever

https://www.iflscience.com/the-fundamental-forces-of-the-universe-are-getting-weaker-new-paper-suggests-81023

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-and-dark-energy-dont-exist-new-study-claims/

Searching for life on Venus and Mars.

“A closeup of "leopard spots" on Mars seen by the Perseverance rover. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)(Space.com)

50 years old data. Tells that 60% of Venus aerosols are water. So, most of the Venus clouds are water, and that brings new boos for searching for some kind of life in the Venus cloud area. Life in the form as we know it is not possible on that planet’s surface. But it's possible that microbes that can isolate oxygen from water using electrochemical electrolysis can hover in Venus’ dense atmosphere. The oxygen blister in the bacteria's body can make them hover in those clouds. And maybe they get nutrients from minerals trapped in those aerosols. This is one way to think. About the alien lifeforms. Which could be some primitive bacteria. But there is no straight evidence about lifterorms. As we know, there is no direct evidence about life on Venus or on Mars. There is some kind of evidence of phosphine in Venus’s atmosphere. There are also interesting rocky remnants on planet Mars. But there is no evidence of the DNA or RNA. That could connect those remnants to lifeforms. 

There are things. Like meteorites that have been collected from Antarctica. Those meteorites include structures. That looks like bacterial fossils. And the most well-known of those meteorites is Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001). The microscopic images of the surface show that the meteorite involves interesting structures. But the problem is that ALH84001 is polluted. Those structures might come from Earth. And the problem is, even those bacteria-shaped structures might involve some DNA or RNA. But there are no samples. Taken from Mars. And remain sterile. This means researchers have no sterile sample from Mars that they can compile with ALH84001. 

(Science alert)

More details

Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001 (Wikipedia)

So they cannot prove that. The possible genetic material. That they could find from ALH84001 is from Mars. On this day, there is no direct evidence of ancient life on Mars and Venus. The problem is that the UV-radiation would destroy the genetic material of those, still hypothetical, bacteria. Those fossil remnants could still be on Mars. There is evidence of an ocean that covered the entire northern hemisphere on Mars. The UV radiation and possible meteorite impacts destroyed that ocean. But it’s possible that Mars was once a harbour for life. Then, some cosmic impact threw it into a trajectory that is near the asteroid belt. In this hypothesis, the planet Mars was closer to the Sun before it collided with a protoplanet. That impact pushed it into a position.

 Where it's today. And if that hypothesis is true, there could be some kind of prokaryotes. Primitive bacteria. That could look like cyanobacteria on Earth. Locating the lifeforms on Venus is also very difficult, even if those lifeforms could be active. Venus’s atmosphere is mainly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. If those hypothetical bacteria deliver carbon dioxide in their metabolic products, that carbon dioxide will be very hard to separate from the chemical background. This means that the search for lifeforms. Or their remnants on Mars and Venus will continue. Verifying those hypothetical lifeforms requires samples from those planets. Before those samples arrive at laboratories, everything is open. So on this day. There is no direct evidence of the lifeforms on other planets. There are suspicions. But there is a need for more evidence. That those researchers could confirm the existence, or non-existence, of those hypothetical lifeforms. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/50-year-old-data-reveals-venuss-clouds-are-mostly-water

https://www.space.com/astronomy/mars/the-metal-detector-has-gone-off-perseverance-rovers-find-is-a-shiny-new-clue-in-the-search-for-life-on-mars

Https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-perseverance-rovers-stunning-find-may-be-mars-first-sign-of-life/

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-mars-perseverance-rover-presence-microbial.html

https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=3_cc-session_9574ef1f-45f5-41fc-bb98-dfee7c80d28a

https://www.reddit.com/r/Hgwheels0/comments/1nyv00n/searching_for_life_on_venus_and_mars/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI, and mathematics.

“Exoplanet Kepler 168b An artist’s impression of the rocky, habitable-zone exoplanet Kepler-168b. Credit: NASA Ames/NASA/JPL–Caltech/Tim Pyle (Caltech)”(ScitechDaily, The Nearest Alien Civilization Could Be 33,000 Light-Years Away)

“New research suggests that technological civilizations in the Milky Way are extremely rare, with the closest potentially 33,000 light-years away.” (ScitechDaily, The Nearest Alien Civilization Could Be 33,000 Light-Years Away)

The closest civilization could be about 33000 light-years from Earth. That means it's very unlikely. That aliens make contact with us. 

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) tries to map the Universe and find an alien civilization. The closest civilization could be about 33000 light-years from Earth. That calculation is used to calculate the average distance between 33 points. That spreads evenly over the Milky Way-sized disk. Nobody made contact with an alien civilization, at least officially. So. Everything that is written about the aliens. Have hypothetical backgrounds. 

There is a possibility that people really saw the silver-suited small men around some capsules. But those things might be robots. That origin is in the Lockheed-Martin laboratories rather than in outer space. The origin of the aliens and UFOs can be in some. More or less secretive research and development programs that originate in the Pentagon or some other authority, or in some defense industrial platforms. 

But if the next model is true, we should not worry about alien contacts. But if we get in contact, that means that we should be very afraid. The best possible distance to an alien civilization is 23140ly, if we calculate that the Milky Way’s diameter is 150000ly. In that case, there would be 33 intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way. In that purely theoretical model, those civilizations are evenly spread across the Milky Way. I used Gemini AI to calculate the average distance between 33 points on the Milky Way-sized disk. But there is more. About that thing later. 

Telescopes still wait for the signal from other civilizations. The SETI program has given. Lots of data about exoplanets. And has given a new data matrix and mathematical models for. How to separate and analyze weak radio signals. And separate them from the background. This program advanced the network-based calculations that made the large language models (LLMs), or AI, possible. The only thing that SET is not found is an intelligent alien civilization. 

SETI tries to find alien radio signals. It tries to find signs of pollution. And even a visual technosignature. Like cities from exoplanets. Those cities are hard to find, even if they are quite close to us. Those cities can be found by calculating what the luminosity of the planet’s dark side should be. For that, researchers should know what kind of surface the planet has. Then, if the luminosity is higher than it should be. That is the sign of an intelligent civilization. Or it's the sign of the very active volcanism on that planet. 

Another interesting thing is that the city itself doesn’t need atmosphere. There are models that intelligent aliens could create city-sized bases. Those are under the domes. And in that hypothetical model. The locked planet can give a perfect place for that kind of place. The base itself could be on the dark side of the planet. And on the sunny side could be the solar panels that deliver energy to that large base. That hides under pressurized domes on the dark side of the planet. This location protects that thing against the star eruptions. 

Those planets with no atmosphere can be perfect platforms for technically advanced civilizations. There are no original lifeforms on those planets. And that planet’s locked position offers the perfect place for the solar panels that harness energy from the sun. The dark side offers perfect safety for those bases. The residents of those bases can create an artificial atmosphere under those domes. But that thing is only a hypothetical model. About the advanced alien civilizations. 

AI-made impression of an alien base on a planet that has no atmosphere. 

There are models that suggest that there are 33 intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way. That feels very good to find an alien civilization. But if we think that those civilizations are evenly distributed in our galaxy. That means the average distance between those civilizations is 30853 ly. If we calculate that distance using the Milky Way’s diameter of 300,000 ly. 

And if we use the value 15000 ly. for the Milky Way diameter, the average distance between those civilizations would be 23140 ly. Those numbers are taken from Gemini AI, which got the mission. To put 33 points that spread evenly on the Milky Way-sized disk. The system introduced two values for the size of the Milky Way. Those values were 300000 ly and 150 ly. 

That means there is a very small chance of making contact with an alien civilization. The fact is that our radio transmissions do not even reach those civilizations. If we think. Heinrich Hertz's radio experiments in 1886 were the first radio transmissions. Those radio signals are spread to 136 ly. away from Earth. That means the closest possible civilization is far away from that bubble. 

And in that case, we must think that no side effect or disturbance covers those first signals. But if we think. The distance to the closest possible civilization is 23140 ly. And the size. The radio transmission bubble is 136 light-years. That is a ridiculous distance. This means that the alien civilizations are. Lucky for us. A very long distance from us. 

If those hypothetical civilizations sent a signal that arrives tomorrow, that means those signals left. Minimum 23140 years ago. And if we receive that kind of data transmission, that means the alien civilization is very old. And maybe that explains why we don’t get a message. If those aliens that sent their first message to Earth 12140 years ago. If the Milky Way's diameter is calculated to be 150,000 ly. Might follow the protocol of responsible scientists. They might not want to teach us. Everything about their technology. 

They might think that maybe it’s better to let us advance before they take contact, or maybe. Those hypothetical civilizations will not hear us. The reason for that is that our signals don’t reach those civilizations. If those aliens handle the wormhole-based communication, where qubits will transport through the wormholes, that means they don’t hear our signals. 

And there is a possibility. The wormholes allow only for sending the qubits or quantum communication through them. It’s possible that we will never meet another civilization. If we put the 500-year limit for “never”. And even if we put 1000 years, our signals will not yet reach the closest civilization. So, as always, we are alone until we get an answer. That moment will be the biggest thing. In human history. But when that happens? Nobody knows. And after that, we must be prepared for everything. 

Artist’s impression of the surface of the locked exoplanet. That could be Proxima Centauri b

But researchers. And mathematics gives only models. Of the alien civilizations. We don’t know anything about the other civilizations. All information. What we have is actually hypothetical. Researchers think. The Earth is not so unique. As we hope that it is. Latest findings on the planet Mars support the idea that life itself exists. It can be quite common in the universe. But intelligent lifeforms are very rare. There is a possibility. That there is another civilization. Or even many civilizations. But they are meaningless to us. This means that the alien civilization can be so far away that they cannot interact with us. The first contact will be the end of something in human history. That will be the moment. That we fear and we hope. As has been written many times. 

That contact can happen after 1000 years, or it can happen tomorrow. After that, we must be prepared for everything. We don’t know those aliens, or we don’t know anything about their culture. If or when we detect the alien signal, we must carefully think about the next step. If an alien civilization is too advanced, it can simply detonate us by accident. If they create the black hole machines that can transport passengers between stars in seconds. 

That thing can destroy us. If those aliens want to discuss with us, they might want to make the teleportation channel between them and us. If we don’t handle that technology, the black hole can destroy the entire planet. There is a possibility that aliens use too much power in the data transmission, and that can cause a massive solar eruption that destroys Earth. Those are things that can happen if we advance too fast. If aliens give us something. That thing can cause a situation where the system they give causes a very big detonation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/earth-may-not-be-so-special-after-all-new-study-finds/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-nearest-alien-civilization-could-be-33000-light-years-away/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio

https://scitechdaily.com/the-nearest-alien-civilization-could-be-33000-light-years-away/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio