New theory suggests that dark matter is an extremely high-energy form of gravitons.

“Dark matter’s nature has long eluded scientists, but new theoretical and experimental advances are pointing to an unexpected candidate: superheavy, electrically charged gravitinos. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com”(ScitechDaily, The Hunt for Dark Matter Has a New, Surprising Target)

“Superheavy charged gravitinos may be the long-sought answer to dark matter.” (ScitechDaily, The Hunt for Dark Matter Has a New, Surprising Target)

“Dark Matter remains one of the biggest mysteries in fundamental physics. Many theoretical proposals (axions, WIMPs) and 40 years of extensive experimental search have not explained what Dark Matter is. Several years ago, a theory that seeks to unify particle physics and gravity introduced a radically different possibility: superheavy, electrically charged gravitinos as Dark Matter candidates.”(ScitechDaily, The Hunt for Dark Matter Has a New, Surprising Target)

The shape of dark matter is a mystery. But the fact is that dark matter is predicted to form particles called weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs. The new theory suggests that the WIMPs are gravitons, which are on a higher energy level than they should be. The problem is that nobody has seen the gravito. The theoretical gravitation transportation particle. Then we can ask the question: Why is dark matter invisible? The answer can be that those particles spin so fast that they push energy waves around them. And that means there is no reflection about those particles. 

In that model, the graviton is the electromagnetic shadow of some spinaxle particles that moves the wave. In some other models, the graviton is a miniature black hole that could exist in all particles. But there are more exotic models about the shape of the graviton and dark matter. In this model, dark matter forms when a neutrino goes into another neutrino. In that model, two internal neutrinos start to spin oppositely. 

That means an internal particle that can be something other than a neutrino spins in the opposite direction to the particle that forms the shell of this double particle. The macro-effect of this thing can be found in magnetars. If the neutron star’s shell spins oppositely to its core, that forms the most powerful magnetic field in the universe. So what if another neutrino traps another neutrino inside it, and those internal neutrinos start to spin in opposite directions? That thing means that the double particle can form an extremely strong quantum gravity field. 

“New simulations of neutron star mergers reveal that the mixing and changing of tiny particles called neutrinos impacts how the merger unfolds, including the composition and structure of the merger remnant as well as the resulting emissions. This image depicts the density of neutrinos within the remnant as varying textures, and the colors represent energy densities of different neutrino flavors. Credit: David Radice research group / Penn State” (ScitechDaily, First-Ever Simulations Reveal Ghost Particles Shapeshifting in Violent Neutron Star Mergers)

“New simulations show that neutrino flavor transformations change both the composition and the signals left behind after neutron star collisions.” (ScitechDaily, First-Ever Simulations Reveal Ghost Particles Shapeshifting in Violent Neutron Star Mergers)

“When two neutron stars collide and merge, the result is one of the most energetic events in the universe. These cataclysms generate multiple kinds of signals that can be detected from Earth.” (ScitechDaily, First-Ever Simulations Reveal Ghost Particles Shapeshifting in Violent Neutron Star Mergers)

When we think about neutron star collisions, there is a possibility that high-energy neutrinos are affected in that process. Normally, neutrinos are weakly interacting particles. Those particles can travel through even entire planets without interaction. In neutron star collisions, very many neutrinos. And the environment where those neutrinos interact with other particles is much denser than in the case of planets. Neutrinos will interact with quarks and other particles more often than in the normal universe. 

When neutrinos take an extremely high energy level. And when the energy level around them decreases, those neutrinos can realease that energy. When that extremely thick neutrino cloud releases its extra energy, that energy can rip a neutron star into pieces. 

That thing can explain the hypothetical case where a neutrino could trap another neutrino. Or maybe the particle that traps the neutrino inside it could be a quark or an electron. When neutrino and other elementary particles travels at very high speeds, and their mutual speed is almost the same. The energy level around those particles is extremely high, and that can push neutrinos. into each other. Or that energy can push a quark inside another quark. That can form particles that are unknown to us. 

https://scitechdaily.com/first-ever-simulations-reveal-ghost-particles-shapeshifting-in-violent-neutron-star-mergers/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-hunt-for-dark-matter-has-a-new-surprising-target/

About the segregation law of integers.

 About the segregation law of integers. 

Can there be prime numbers in the group of integers? 

The segregation law means that all numbers can be divided into subsets. And this means that there cannot be a so-called prime number in the group of integers. The prime number is divisible only by one and itself. And that means an integer can be a prime number only if its divider is another integer. This means that, for example, 1, 2, and 3 are so-called virtual prime numbers. The reason for that is that we can divide those numbers into parts using decimal numbers. 

This means

1=0,5*2

1=0,25*4

1=0,05*20

but

1=0,0625*16 (0,25/4=0,0625) and (0,0625*16)

Let’s play with number 2

2=0,5*4

2=0,25*8

2=0,05*40

and

2=0,0625*32

And with 3

3=0,5*6

3=0,25*12

and

3=0,0625*48

So are 1,2, and 3 integers? The fact is that all numbers include one. And that means there are no real prime numbers in the group of integers. So, if we think like that, prime numbers are hiding on in the groups of decimal numbers. 

Maybe mysterious little red dots at the edge of the universe are black hole stars.

    Maybe mysterious little red dots at the edge of the universe are black hole stars. 

"Artist’s impression of a black hole star (not to scale). Mysterious tiny pinpoints of light discovered at the dawn of the universe may be giant spheres of hot gas that are so dense they look like the atmospheres of typical nuclear fusion-powered stars; however, instead of fusion, they are powered by supermassive black holes in their center that rapidly pull in matter, converting it into energy and giving off light. Credit: T. Müller/A. de Graaff/Max Planck Institute for Astronomy" (ScitechDaily, Mysterious “Universe Breaker” Red Dots Could Be Black Holes in Disguise)

The little red dots at the edge of the universe could be so-called black hole stars. If that thing is true, those red dots would be the most fundamental things in the world. The black hole stars, or so-called quasi stars, would be the most interesting things in the universe. The quasi-star could form around the small back hole. In the early universe, those black holes could form when the so-called Schwinger effect formed a material point. 

That formed a singularity. And then those black holes started to pull material into them. There is a possibility that black holes pull particles they forming a stellar-shaped structure around the event horizon. Those hydrogen atoms are locked around the black hole. Those hydrogen atoms can form a spinning layer in the distance where the escaping velocity is the same as that atom’s speed.

The quasi-star, or black hole star, is like other stars if we see them outside. But they could be far larger than regular stars. If those famous red dots are quasi-stars that help to calculate other black holes and black hole-based structures. Things like extremely small black holes that can hide in ball-shaped asteroids are waiting for their finder. The quasi-stars will help to fill in the puzzle about the black holes. Those things will not be fundamental, and intermediate mass black holes are not fundamental. But they will confirm theories and models of back holes and their formation. 

The quasi-stars would not exist in our universe. The thing that forms the structure is the interaction between layers that form that object. The energy from inner structures interacts with the outer structure. Those structures push each other away. When those structures' temperatures turn lower, that breaks the quasi-star. 

"An illustration shows the JWST in space next to its observations of some of the earliest galaxies ever seen, the so-called "little red dots." (Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Dale Kocevski (Colby College)/ Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space.com, James Webb Space Telescope sees little red dots feeding black holes: 'This is how you solve a universe-breaking problem') 

If those little red dots (LRD) are black holes that formed before galaxies or even material that could mean that first were so-called “Kugelblitz”-black holes that formed straight from wave movement. Then those kugelblitz black holes formed galaxies around them. That means it’s possible that black holes formed before matter. 

"Size comparison of a hypothetical quasi-star to some of the largest known stars."(Wikipedia, Quasi-star)

“As a quasi-star cooled over time, its outer envelope would become transparent, until further cooling to a limiting temperature of 4,000 K (3,730 °C). This would mark the end of the quasi-star's life since there is no hydrostatic equilibrium at or below this limiting temperature. It would then dissipate without a supernova, leaving behind an intermediate-mass black hole. These intermediate-mass black holes are theorized as the progenitors of modern supermassive black holes, and would help explain how supermassive black holes formed so early in the history of the universe.” (Wikipedia, Quasi-star)

The energy that this quasi-star shines is energy that forms in the black hole’s material disk, and in the case that the back hole pulls that radiation’s wavelength longer. The extreme gravity causes a virtual redshift because gravity stretches light. That means quasi-stars should be red. The massive gravitational redshift will pull all radiation longer than it should be. Or to the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

So the black hole can pull X-rays. And gamma-ray wavelengths turn longer. And that thing causes an interesting model. That can make a black hole invisible because extreme gravity pulls electromagnetic radiation’s wavelength so long. If the gravity is strong enough, that thing can turn even gamma-rays into radio waves. 

That means that there is a possibility that black holes’ gamma- and X-rays are also a result of some, yet unknown, radiation’s wavelength stretch.  A black hole's environment has a wavelength longer than it should. This means that the black hole seems to be at a longer distance than it actually is. Otherwise, if those objects are on the other side of the universe, the redshift would be strong anyway. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-universe-breaker-red-dots-could-be-black-holes-in-disguise/

https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-little-red-dots-galaxies-black-hole-growth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star

Organic molecules don’t mean life. And mysterious methane and rings in the Kuiper Belt.

 Organic molecules don’t mean life. And mysterious methane and rings in the Kuiper Belt. 

“An artist’s impression of plumes erupting onto the surface of Enceladus. Its fellow moon Titan is seen in the sky, and the distant Sun beyond. Credit: ESA/Science Office”

Saturn’s moon Enceladus has long dazzled scientists with its icy plumes that spew water and mysterious organic molecules into space, fueling hopes of a habitable ocean beneath. But new experiments suggest the story may be more complicated.”

“Researchers found that radiation bombarding Enceladus’s frozen surface could be producing many of the same organics detected in the plumes — meaning they might not come from the hidden ocean at all. This twist forces scientists to rethink how we interpret signs of habitability on icy moons.” (The Shocking Twist in the Search for Life on Saturn’s Icy Moon)

“Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001” (Wikipedia, Allan Hills 84001). If those remnants are bacteria, they can be from Earth. There is a possibility that those bacteria. If they are bacteria. that came from Antarctic ice, and they traveled to the meteorite. Because its heat “called” those bacteria. Anyway, that meteorite is polluted. The temperature in Antarctica is not so low that it could keep that meteorite sterile. 

“An image of the rock named “Cheyava Falls” in the “Bright Angel formation” in Jezero crater, Mars collected by the WATSON camera onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The image shows a rust-colored, organic matter bearing sedimentary mudstone sandwiched between bright white layers of another composition. The small dark blue/green to black colored nodules and ring-shaped reaction fronts that have dark rims, and bleached interiors are proposed to be potential biosignatures. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS” (ScitechDaily, Strange Mars Mudstones May Hold the Strongest Clues Yet of Ancient Life)

“NASA’s Perseverance rover has uncovered mysterious mudstones in Mars’ Jezero Crater that contain organic carbon and strange mineral textures.” (ScitechDaily, Strange Mars Mudstones May Hold the Strongest Clues Yet of Ancient Life)

“These features, possibly shaped by redox reactions similar to those fueled by microbes on Earth, may represent potential biosignatures.” (ScitechDaily, Strange Mars Mudstones May Hold the Strongest Clues Yet of Ancient Life)

Confirmed life in our solar system is limited to planet Earth. All other harbors for life are hypothetical. It’s possible that there have been some kind of lifeforms on Mars, but before there is any laboratory analysis about samples brought from Mars, nothing is more uncertain than uncertain. NASA says that there is “strong evidence” that some primitive lifeforms, like prokaryotic bacteria, could have lived on Mars a long time ago. 

Confirmation about that thing can be very difficult. If there have been some bacteria on Mars, the thin atmosphere that lets UV-radiation reach the Mars surface can destroy all genetic material. From those bacteria.  Those remnants would be hollows in stones. Without DNA or RNA, it is impossible to confirm that some form is from bacteria. 

There are strange forms in some meteorites, but the problem is that those meteorites, including Allan Hills 84001 from Antarctica, are polluted. That means those primitive bacterial fossils, if they are bacterial fossils, can be from Earth. There have also been organic materials in Saturn's Enceladus moons' icy geysers. There is a possibility that these organic materials are formed due to sunlight. 

Maybe Saturn will pull ions to Enceladus, and that can cause the formation of those organic compounds. But as we know, there is a possibility that there can be lifeforms in that icy world. Otherwise, Organic molecules can form. Because of some kind of chemical reactions that have no biological origin. 

“An SwRI-led team used Webb telescope observations (white) to detect methane gas on the distant dwarf planet Makemake. Sharp emission peaks near 3.3 microns reveal methane in the gas phase above Makemake’s surface. A continuum model (cyan) is overlaid for comparison; the gas emission peaks are identified where the observed spectrum rises above the continuum. An artistic rendering of Makemake’s surface is shown in the background. Credit: Courtesy of S. Protopapa, I. Wong/SwRI/STScI/NASA/ESA/CSA” (ScitechDaily, Webb Telescope Detects Gas on Distant Dwarf Planet Makemake for the First Time)

Telescopes noticed gas on the dwarf planet Makemake. 

The surprise was that the gas JWST detected is methane. That means there are some chemical reactions on those distant worlds. Those dwarf planets like Makemake are so far away that they cannot get methane from places like Titan. And that is one of the most interesting things in the universe. There is a possibility that weak energy from the distant sun, along with some ions, can have so much energy that. It can push carbon and hydrogen together in a very low-energy but stable environment. 

 Makemake is far away from Earth in the Kuiper Belt. That dwarf planet is one of the coldest places in our solar system. That’s why existing gas is a surprise. But conditions in the Kuiper Belt are incredibly stable. Makemake can pull gases from space around it. And that thing makes it possible that those dwarf planets have a thin atmosphere. Those objects called trans-Neptunian objects TNOs are so far away from the sun that the solar wind has no force to blow those atmospheres away. And that’s why some dwarf planets like Makemake can have atmospheres. 

“Artist's impression of Quaoar with its ring and its moon Weywot” (Wikipedia, Quaoar)

“Quaoar compared to the Earth and the Moon” (Wikipedia, Quaoar)

Researchers noticed that the dwarf planet Quaoar may have another moon or some unknown ring system. Quaoar has a ring system and one known moon. That is an incredible thing, because that dwarf planet is very small. The ring system can form around that dwarf planet when its moon acts like Saturn’s and other gas planets’ rings. Shepherd moons that trap particles between them. 

The problem is that the shepherd moons are always on both sides of their ring. There is a possibility that Quaoar’s moon Weywot and its gravity can trap those particles between Quaoar and Weywot, but is that moon’s and Quaoar’s gravity so strong that they can trap those particles? 

But those rings are in the place where those planets’ Van Allen belts are. Shepherd moons from holes between rings. But the plasma ring. Around those gas giants is the thing that traps most of those particles. That means Quaoar must, or should have, some kind of magnetic field. 

That dwarf planet is mysterious. It's too small for internal nuclear reactions to form those plasma rings. Its moon seems very far away from that dwarf planet. And that is one of the most interesting things about that distant and mysterious object. 

https://phys.org/news/2025-09-discovery-moon-orbiting-mysterious-distant.html

https://scitechdaily.com/the-shocking-twist-in-the-search-for-life-on-saturns-icy-moon/

https://scitechdaily.com/space-mystery-unexpected-new-ring-system-discovered-in-our-own-solar-system/

https://scitechdaily.com/strange-mars-mudstones-may-hold-the-strongest-clues-yet-of-ancient-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/webb-telescope-detects-gas-on-distant-dwarf-planet-makemake-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaoar

Generation ships and protective fields.

   Generation ships and protective fields. 

The journey to Alpha Centauri requires enormous resources. Even if we want to use primitive technologies. That journey requires a complete change in our culture. If we want to make that journey, we must remember that we will never see those people again. The Crysalis is one of the first imaginations or workshops that shows what that system can look like. Another version can be the WARP, which requires technology that doesn’t even exist. So, those journeys to other stars are not a reality, at least in short periods. Periods in those projects are about 100-500 years. The purpose of those workshops and imaginative projects is also to give innovations and ideas on how to protect large flying structures against swarms of small projectiles. 

And one of the things that can get advances is the airships. Or blimps. That can have military and civil roles. In some models, the blip can raise the aircraft. Up from the ground. And then transport them out of the city area. And there those blimps can launch those aircraft. That is one version of the system that can give a solution for air noise. The unmanned airship can also carry drones to the operational area. When a high-flying airship patrols above the sea, it can drop drones to search and attack targets. The problem is that airships can offer a good target to air defense. But ion systems and protective fields can raise their survivability. But there is more. About that thing later in this text.  

The generation ship to the Proxima Centauri system would be the project that changes the entire human culture. The generationship will be the most enormous system that has ever been created. That kind of system has a large mass. The mass of that kind of artificial world causes the craft to have its own gravity field regardless of whether it rotates around its axle or not. That gravity field is much weaker than Earth's, but it's strong enough. It starts to pull asteroids to that spaceship. And especially in interstellar space, that gravity field has a stronger effect than in our solar system. There are no other mass centers, and that craft can pull lots of asteroids to it. The big asteroid can be destroyed by using laser cannons. But small asteroids will damage the spacecraft's shell. 

There is a possibility that the craft has water or ice armour that is easier to repair than metals. But the problem is that the next time those crafts can get water is in the Proxima Centauri system. And that requires a planet with water or some other ice-like substance. Like hydrocarbons. But there are no known planets between our solar system and Alpha Centauri. And there is no chance to trust luck. There is a small chance that a spacecraft meets a water asteroid during its journey.  But would you send thousands of people on that journey and trust luck? The system can build up water in fuel cells. But the craft must not lose any oxygen. 

The craft also requires a magnetic field that pushes ions away from around it. That magnetic field can trap ion whirls around it. The ion whirl can also destroy the smallest asteroids. The power field, or protective field, is the thing that can solve many problems. That thing can deny the impacts of physical ammunition. Those fields can destroy physical particles before they impact the craft. 

One of the answers to those problems is the active protective field. Those protective fields can destroy or burn incoming small asteroids into ash. And vaporize their structure. Some of the solutions that can help spacecraft survive the extremely long journey are the ion fields that rotate around the craft. That means the craft will spray an ion cloud around it. And then that ion cloud will start to rotate around the craft. Those ions smash asteroids into pieces. Another version could be the skyrmion group. That will spin around the craft. Those high-energy skyrmions can break the asteroids into pieces. 

The active protective field can also protect atmospheric satellites and other targets. Like cities against drone swarms. 

The active protection field can also be a good tool. To protect things. like atmospheric satellites and all high-altitude platforms. The high-flying airship can hover above the battlefield. But the problem is. With its survivability. There is a possibility of putting automatic machine guns or some other types of kinetic systems into those airships. And when the system detects incoming missiles. That defense system can shoot that missile. 

The active protection field is a tool. That can make drone defense more effective. Than it is now. The atmospheric version can have two stages. The system can involve the particle cloud that the microwave puts into a very high temperature. Or the EM weapon can heat the missile shell. Then the system injects ultra-cold particles into the missile’s trajectory. And that breaks the shell. Another version is to use a laser that heats the targeted missiles. And then ultra-cold ions. will shoot against them. 

In the atmosphere, the system can use gas whirls or skyrmions that protect the craft's body. The laser weapons. And other kinds of things can bring fully automated airships, or atmospheric satellites, also over the battlefield. Those systems can hover above the operational areas and follow the operation. The problem has always been that without effective defense, those slow systems are good targets for air defense. The skyrmion field can be the answer to the problem. The high-energy ring lightning could destroy incoming ammunition. 

The whirls and microwave systems can also protect entire cities. The microwave system is a good tool for destroying large drone swarms. The system must use so much energy that it breaks those drones’ structures and burns their computers. The acoustic protective field can be in the locked pressure waves. The acoustic field forms when the system sends acoustic pressure signals around it. Then the outside system, which can be the drone swarm, can send counter noise. The idea is that the system forms a soliton wall around the object. Then the electromagnetic system sends radiation to that acoustic dome. That can turn it very hot. This can destroy incoming ammunition and drones. 

https://visegradpost.com/en/2025/08/10/36-mile-starship-to-carry-2400-for-400-years-chrysalis-project-maps-multi-generational-journey-to-proxima-centauri-b/#google_vignette

Can nanoparticles and other pollutants have connections with Alzheimer's?

  Can nanoparticles and other pollutants have connections with Alzheimer's?

"Purdue researchers have uncovered how fat-laden immune cells in the brain fuel Alzheimer’s. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, New Research Overturns Decades of Thinking on Fat’s Role in Alzheimer’s)

"For many years, scientists believed that fat in the brain had little connection to neurodegenerative diseases. Purdue University researchers are now challenging that view." (ScitechDaily, New Research Overturns Decades of Thinking on Fat’s Role in Alzheimer’s)

"Their study, published in Immunity, demonstrates that an accumulation of fat in microglia, the brain’s immune cells, weakens their disease-fighting capacity. The discovery points toward new therapeutic strategies in lipid biology that could support microglial activity and improve neuronal health in conditions such as Alzheimer’s. The work was led by Gaurav Chopra, the James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Professor of Chemistry and (by courtesy) of Computer Science at Purdue." (ScitechDaily, New Research Overturns Decades of Thinking on Fat’s Role in Alzheimer’s)

Researchers noticed. There is a connection between Alzheimer’s and nanoplastics. There is a possibility that pollutions simply block small blood vessels in the brain. And that causes a situation where dirt starts to accumulate in those blood vessels. That thing can decrease and block nutrients. From cells that those small capillaries should feed. 

So could the nanoparticles cause Alzhemers's in the same way as smoking cigarettes causes coronary artery disease? In those cases, nanoparticles simply block the coronary arteries. That causes. The heart and its muscles don’t get enough nutrients and oxygen. This can explain why alcoholism also causes those diseases. Alcohol dissolves fat that will suck in blood vessels. And that can cause heart attacks and also things like Alzheimer’s. Alcohol also dissolves proteins from the myelin cells’ shells. And that lets dangerous plaque move between those cells. That plague can jam the myelin cell’s ability to take nutrients by blocking its ion pumps. 

If the blood vessels are jammed, that means the cells that the blocked blood vessel feeds get without nutrients. When we think about Alzheimer’s, there is a possibility that the microplastics can be stuck in the small blood vessels in the brain. Those microplastics cause a point to form in the blood vessels. That starts to accumulate impurities at that point. That means Alzheimer’s can be similar to coronary artery disease. Some kind of dirt in the blood vessels blocks them. And if that happens in the blood vessels. That feeds brain cells. That decreases those cells’ ability to get nutrients and oxygen. This decreases their ability to accomplish their mission. 

"A University of Rhode Island study suggests micro- and nanoplastics can accumulate in the brain, potentially accelerating Alzheimer’s symptoms in genetically at-risk individuals. Credit: Stock". "(ScitechDaily, Microplastics May Trigger Alzheimer’s-Like Brain Damage)

The reason why nanoparticles can have a connection with Alzheimer’s is simple. Those particles can block the smallest blood vessels in the brain. When blood flow in those small blood vessels slows or becomes difficult, this can cause an effect. Immune cells cannot reach all areas of the brain. And that causes the accumulation of the plague. The model goes like this. In normal brains, blood vessels are large enough. The immune cells reach all brain areas. Their mission is to remove zombie cells and other things. And if immune cells have no access to all brain areas, that forms blocks and plaques in those areas. 

Like metabolic waste that cells form in metabolism. Even if neurons are well protected against infections. The myelin cells that feed neurons are where Alzheimer’s forms. Things like sniffing glues cause situations where there are holes in the myelin structure. And then the plague can slip through this protective muzzle.  Some of those holes can also form, if the myelin cell turns overage. 

Another case is that the small particles can cause Alzheimer’s. Because those particles don’t allow the immune cells to clean the farthest points in the smallest blood vessels. If things like fullerene slip into the blood vessels, those things form bubbles in the blood plasma. And those ball-shaped carbon molecules can also slip into the cells, and if there is some kind of acoustic effect that puts the fullerene into oscillation, that oscillation forms millions of bubbles in the blood vessels. 

Those bubbles can jam the blood flow. Or they can destroy the immune system’s cells. They can affect another cell type’s internal structure. If small particles. Slipping into the myelin cells, it can cause a situation where the cell cannot get enough nutrients.  In the same way. If the cell that transports nutrients is filled with bubbles, that means it cannot carry enough nutrients to the cells. 

Bubbles are always dangerous, because they can decay. When the oscillating membrane pulls the bubble larger, that causes an effect where a low-pressure area forms around that bubble. The low-pressure area causes a situation where a small part of the fluid boils. And that effect forms more bubbles. When there are enough bubbles in some blood vessels, they simply block those vessels. 

https://scitechdaily.com/microplastics-may-trigger-alzheimers-like-brain-damage/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-research-overturns-decades-of-thinking-on-fats-role-in-alzheimers/

Researchers sent quantum information through the commercial network.

  Researchers sent quantum information through the commercial network.

“A Penn team has shown that quantum signals can ride alongside everyday internet traffic on commercial fiber. Their “Q-chip” experiment marks a step toward a scalable quantum internet with world-changing potential. Credit: Shutterstock” (ScitechDaily,Engineers Bring Quantum Internet to Commercial Fiber for the First Time)

*******************************************************************************

“A new integrated chip demonstrates how quantum networks could communicate using today’s internet protocols over existing commercial fiber-optic cables.”

“In a groundbreaking experiment, engineers at the University of Pennsylvania successfully extended quantum networking beyond the laboratory by transmitting signals over commercial fiber-optic cables using the same Internet Protocol (IP) that drives today’s web. Published in Science, the study demonstrates that delicate quantum signals can travel on the same infrastructure that carries routine online traffic. The tests were carried out on Verizon’s campus fiber-optic network. “

(ScitechDaily,Engineers Bring Quantum Internet to Commercial Fiber for the First Time)

*******************************************************************************

Researchers have introduced a method that allows sending quantum information alongside binary information. That is a significant step toward creating new and more secure quantum networks that can enhance communication safety. And that can make it possible to create new and powerful quantum computers, where those computers can send data in the form of a qubit. There is a possibility. To send a qubit along with binary data using a very thin light wave or laser beam. Then the photon, where the system stored information. Travels around that light string. The quantum information is stored in the photon. And that makes it possible to transport data in the quantum model over long distances. 

But the reality is this. The system must protect data that is stored in a qubit. It’s possible that the system can transport data in a regular optical cable in quantum form. The system can share information between optical fibers. And that forms the virtual qubit. In this case, we can think about the optical cable. There is one fiber in the center and five fibers around that central fiber. The system can share information with the fibers around the central fiber. That means those optical fibers around the central fiber act as a virtual photon. The ability to transport secured information over long distances is a key element in modern communication. 

Photonic data transmission and computing are the new tools for computing. Photonic communication makes networks immune to regular ECM systems. If we use quantum communication. The quantum system increases security to a level that we have never seen before. When information moves from a qubit to a sensor, the qubit loses its energy level. If a qubit travels in a fully controlled environment, the system can calculate how its energy level changes. 

When something looks at the qubit, it changes the energy level or destroys the entire dataset. When a qubit travels in its quantum channel, the system must touch it so that it can release information stored in its internal superposition. That can happen using radiological stress that can force the qubit to release its information. Or the system must make a qubit to send its information to another particle. But that destroys information from the qubits. And in fully secured data transmission, the system can transport information, sharing it with multiple qubits. 

Coherent radio waves can make it possible. Researchers can create room-temperature quantum computers. The system can use different radio frequencies to make the qubit. Each radio frequency in coherent radio waves is one of the qubit states. 

But we know that the photonic data transmission is only one of the ways. To make quantum data transportation. It’s possible to send the data through the hollow nanotubes or hollow metal cables. The system can use coherent radio waves and skyrmions. That travels around that electromagnetic fiber. The structure around the channel protects the signal from outside influence. 

The data that travels in the channel is safe; if somebody tries to affect that data, that actor must break the tube or quantum channel. That causes disturbance in the electromagnetic fields. And the resistance in the channel structure. This tells the system that there is damage in the quantum channel. 

https://scitechdaily.com/engineers-bring-quantum-internet-to-commercial-fiber-for-the-first-time/

Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist?

  Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist? 

"Exploring different approaches to understanding space-time deepens our understanding of reality. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

"Is time something that flows — or just an illusion? Exploring space-time as either a fixed “block universe” or a dynamic fabric reveals deeper mysteries about existence, change, and the very nature of reality."(ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

Does spacetime exist? Does the space have time? We know the thing. Called material time. That time is seen in material evaporation. Because of the expansion of the universe. That thing causes an effect that all material turns into a wave movement. 

In the five-dimensional cosmological model, there are three spatial dimensions. And two dimensions in time.  Those two dimensions are time that goes forward and time that travels backward. In that model, time is one of the fundamental interactions. The idea in the spacetime model is that the Big Bang released material in time. Or it separated time and material. In this case. We talk about material evaporation. The model goes like this. The universe formed from a so-called Kugelblitz black hole. When the whirl started to collect energy in the proto-universe, it formed the black hole. Straight from that energy field that condensed into the black hole. When that black hole evaporated or detonated. That formed an event called the Big Bang. 

That means there is space formed between superstrings that will form the first particles. In that model, the superstring is an extremely thin energy field that turns into fermions and bosons. Superstrings are not single things. They are complicated internal structures. And in black holes, those superstrings are in such a tight form that they have no space to oscillate. That space caused an effect that those superstrings started to send sub-waves. When a superstring oscillates, it sends part of itself into its environment. This event would be similar to the material evaporation. 

When there is no energy that can resist the superstring, it sends the sub-string. In the same way as material, the existence, thickness, or number of structures in a superstring depends on the field that resists the superstring. The ten-dimensional superstring model explains the universe and space as an endless number of superstrings. The density or number of those superstrings in the space determines the strength of the field. When there are lots of strings in a small area, that means the field is strong. 

The main question in time dilation is this: Does that effect only push energy into particles? Or, does that affect cause a situation where the particle travels in time? 

Above: The 2D model of the gravity center. The gravity center packs energy fields around it. That forms a denser energy area. The gravity makes a pothole, but it also packs energy fields around the gravitational center. 

This denser, or higher energy area causes the effect that energy transfer to the environment slows down. And that slows material evaporation. If the difference between energy levels in the material and the environment is high. The energy level around the particle is very low. That raises the speed of energy flow out from the particle. The same effect can cause superstrings to decay just as matter. 

And that means the superstring model tells us that the spacetime should exist. When a gravity field forms, the gravity center rolls the field of those superstrings to the gravitational center. That effect is seen as a whirl in the universe. Those whirls can be extremely large. And all spiral galaxies are whirls that form around the supermassive black holes. Those whirls pull back, and without them, the black hole in the center of the galaxy will be detonated. 

And then we go to the spacetime. The idea in spacetime is this: energy fields or wave movement are everywhere. Those energy fields can condense into material. Because of the Schwinger effect. The Schwinger effect forms elementary particles, fermions. And bosons. In a similar way. The Schwinger effect explains the Kugelblitz black hole as a structure. Where the whirl will collect the energy fields or strings into one point. When there is enough field. Packed into one point. It creates a strong gravity effect that pulls everything into it. Without that whirl, the energy that is stored in a black hole is released. The whirl is the thing. That keeps the black hole in its form. 

We can think that when time moves from the past to the future, that thing looks a little bit like a superstring. When those time strings or “arrows of time”, or “time arrows” (Time’s arrow)move, they push time back around them. So when the arrow of time moves forward, that moves other arrows backward. If one of the arrows of time moves faster than the other arrow of time. That faster time arrow slows the slower arrows of time. The reason for that is that the time arrow moves energy into those other arrows of time. 

The arrow of time, along with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, explains that when gravity turns so strong that the escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light. That means time starts to travel backward. The black holes will pump energy into the past if that model is right. And that energy is released at the point where a black hole forms. But the question is, does that thing really happen? Or does the black hole only store information and release it when it evaporates? This is the thing. That makes supernovae interesting. 

Theoretically, it is possible to decode the information that the black hole released. And there is a possibility. A black hole drives information straight into the point where. The black hole formed, and that point is the supernova explosion. Where the black hole got its beginning. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/argument-against-theory-of-everything/

https://scitechdaily.com/does-space-time-really-exist/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

Alien civilizations again and again.

   Alien civilizations again and again. 

“New simulations suggest the Galactic Habitable Zone isn’t fixed: when stars migrate across the Milky Way, the odds of rocky, potentially temperate worlds, especially in the outer disk, can rise markedly. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

There is a possibility that NASA’s Perseverance rover found some kind of bacterial remnants on Mars. There was an ocean in the northern hemisphere. Then the planet froze, lost its atmosphere. And then the UV radiation destroyed the water. The reason for that can be the lack of a magnetic field. It’s possible that the chaotic magma structure explains that thing. When Mars faced its last catastrophe, the impact could break its core. And that caused the loss of the magnetic field. 

And then to aliens. 

This discussion begins every autumn. Are we alone in the Universe? The answer is this: until aliens call, we are alone. The only fact that we have is that nobody answered. Or nobody made contact outside Earth. Or there are no confirmed alien technosignals. This means that we might be alone in our galaxy, or there can be one or more other civilizations. And maybe some civilizations are already destroyed, because they failed the ultimate test. That failure can be the civil war. 

Or it can be an overestimation of one's own technical skills. In some models. Pre-Kadashev-scale civilization can test things like an antimatter rocket. And then there will be some leak in the capsule. That causes annihilation that can destroy the entire planet, in this case. The civilization that reaches the Kardashev-scale 1 starts to build an antimatter rocket that can give them access to the entire solar system. Then there is a leak in the antimatter capsule. But then. We must realize a couple of things. 

“Longstanding model of the Galactic habitable Zone, which is estimated to exist between 7-9 kiloparsecs from the center of the galaxy. However, recent research calls this into question.” Credit: NASA/Caltech. (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

When we talk about aliens. First, intelligent aliens are different from techno-aliens and primitive life forms. A water planet can host lifeforms. Those lifeforms will not be intelligent. Those lifeforms can be something that lives in their seas. Those creatures could be some kind of bacteria. Or algae. Another thing is intelligence. Without a certain type of atmosphere, that alien race cannot make fire, and they require that skill to  melt metals. There is a possibility that the first humans melted metals in volcanoes or lava. But this method uses a natural heat source. It is not as simple a method for melting metals as using fire. 

As the fire that those aliens can make using matches or friction. Intelligence doesn’t mean that a creature turns technical. Or it can form a technical civilization. If the star that they orbit is too heavy and too bright. That makes the star too short-lived for the creature to form anything technical. Also, it's possible that the black holes or some nova or supernova explosion near the civilization’s own star sterilizes their planet, or there is a possibility. that their own planet is metal-poor. That means there are no metals. There are millions or even billions of things that can go wrong before civilization can fly to the stars. 

The planet can travel too close to Sagittarius A, and near the center of galaxies, the radiation can destroy those planets. There is a so-called habitable area in a galaxy. And at that zone, stars are mature enough that planetary systems can form around them. Those planets must be solid, and their trajectories must be stable enough. There must not be a large number of roving pieces. Those pieces can destroy the planet and its lifeforms. 

“Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001” (Wikipedia, Allan Hills 84001)

And that civilization requires the will to make technical things. Without motivation, those creatures will never fly to space or stars. Or without the need, evolution will not favor things like intelligence. Without catastrophes, the creatures will not rise out of the oceans. They will not require brains or high-level intelligence. 

The locked planets around K-type stars might not be suitable for lifeforms. But those locked planets can offer a place for a technically advanced civilization. To make its stand. That thing means that a locked planet offers unlimited solar power to that civilization or its base. Those creatures can use protective suits and live under domes that help them to protect themselves against those red dwarfs' flares. That kind of case requires. The red dwarf is quite close to the alien solar system, or orbits it. Sometimes we should ask what our technology looks like. If we had a red dwarf at the same distance as Proxima Centauri orbits Alpha Centauri. 

The fact is that Earth is the only planet with confirmed lifeforms. But it’s possible. That there was some kind of microscopic life on Mars. Before that planet froze, lost its atmosphere, and the UV radiation destroyed water molecules. 

There are some stones that support the Martian lifeforms.  Their problem is that they were found on Earth. The Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) meteorite from the South Pole involves structures. That could confirm life on Mars. But the problem is that those bacteria-shaped structures can have an origin on Earth. The South Pole is not cold enough. That it could keep that meteorite sterile. There is a possibility that those. Probably lifeforms that left their markings on the shell of Allan Hills 84001. It can come from Earth. Maybe those primitive creatures felt the heat of that meteorite. And traveled to it. Those strange forms look like primitive creatures. Like rod-shaped cyanobacteria or small tubeworms. 

“NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie, made up of 62 individual images, on July 23, 2024. A rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls,” which has features that may bear on the question of whether the Red Planet was long ago home to microscopic life, is to the left of the rover near the center of the image. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. NASA’s Perseverance rover has identified its most compelling evidence yet for ancient microbial life on Mars.” (ScirchDaily, NASA Perseverance Rover’s Stunning Find May Be Mars’ First Sign of Life)

The question of life in the cosmos is more complicated than we even thought. NASA’s Perseverance Mars vehicle found promising structures on Mars that look like bacteria or their remnants. The thing is that. Those forms in stones look like bacteria, or their remnants. But that doesn’t make them bacteria. But as we know. Perseverance found a sign that could be the first sign. Or strong evidence of life on another planet. 

The Artist’s impression of an alien city. 

So they might not prove anything. In one way or another. The problem is that even those things can be some kind of bacteria. They can arrive from the Earth, with some meteorites or with probes that are not properly disinfected. 

The biggest problem with alien hunting is that nobody has officially seen aliens. There is no confirmed alien DNA. Or confirmed alien cells. This means researchers cannot even know. What they should try to find. Searching for an alien civilization is not searching for a needle in a haystack. It's more difficult. There are as many variables that make models for techno civilizations, or their location is impossible to determine. The techno civilization can be something other than we think it is. Even if those civilizations use microwave ovens, we might not detect those signals. Or maybe we don’t separate those signals from natural microwave signals. We don’t even know if they use radio as data transmission. Or maybe those other civilizations do not exist. 

Existence is a remarkable thing for those civilizations. The civilization that doesn’t answer does not exist. And maybe we don’t want that answer. There is always a possibility that those civilizations are too far away that us cannot hear their radio signals. Another thing is that we are between the Milky Way’s spiral structure. That means we might be a cosmic Eastern island. And maybe we are lucky. 

https://scitechdaily.com/our-galaxys-sweet-spot-for-life-is-bigger-than-we-thought/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-perseverance-rovers-stunning-find-may-be-mars-first-sign-of-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

New materials require new tools.

  New materials require new tools. 

"MIT physicists propose a “neutrino laser,” a quantum-driven burst of neutrinos that could revolutionize communication and medical technology. Credit: Jose-Luis Olivares, MIT; Adapted by SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, MIT Physicists Propose First-Ever “Neutrino Laser”)

New X-ray systems make it possible for researchers to observe. How electrons change their trajectories when they send photons. When molecules form, those systems can observe how atoms flip their electrons. Those systems really see atoms. They see when the atomic nucleus will turn around. In the atom. And the highly accurate photon beams can control those processes. The ability to see how chemical bonds form, and where electrons really are. Makes it possible to create new materials. 

The highly accurate systems can manipulate single electrons around atoms. And that makes it possible to create things like atom-sized quantum computers. These kinds of systems. Those connected with algorithms and quantum computers make it possible to create new types of small robots. Those robots are smaller than a cell, but high-power quantum computer technology gives them abilities. That can beat large-sized systems. 

The problem with the X-ray impulses is that they can destroy entire molecules. The accuracy of this ksystem, which breaks the entire protein molecule, is incredible. In medical use, that system can break down tumors and blood clots. The problem is how to aim those X-ray impulses at the desired point. The single X-ray radiation burst can terminate complex molecules. This can also make it possible to create systems that break unwanted molecules. Like carbon chains, fullerene, and graphene. Those things are harmful in nature. The system can stress those carbon atoms and make standing waves between atoms. And that can destroy carbon bonds. 

"Direct hit. A soft x-ray (white) hits a holmium atom (green). A photo-electron zooms off the holmium atom, which releases energy (purple) that jumps to the 80-carbon fullerene cage surrounding the holmium. The cage then also loses an electron. Credit: Razib Obaid/University of Connecticut" (ScitechDaily, A Single X-Ray Strike Is Enough to Destroy an Entire Molecule)

Researchers want to create the first neutrino laser. 

MIT physicists want to create the most incredible tool that humans have ever created. The simpler way is to trap neutrinos in the tank. And then shoot them forward using lasers as accelerators. Photons will bomb those neutrinos and make them move forward. That makes it possible to create new types of quantum communication tools. And if neutrinos can be put into superposition and entanglement. That gives new possibilities for quantum computing. 

But there is a possibility of using neutrinos to send electromagnetic radiation. Those kinds of systems are tools that can make new observation tools possible. 

They aim to develop a neutrino laser. The concept in that system is the same as in free-electron lasers. The system pumps energy into the neutrino cloud, and those particles will send energy beams, or photons, to make the beam. Those systems can be used to scan atoms with incredible accuracy. The system’s biggest problem is how to trap neutrinos, which are very weakly interacting particles. That trap can be made using laser beams that create an energy point. That doesn’t let those neutrinos get out. Then another laser or other electromagnetic radiation can send energy stress to those neutrinos. 

Another way to create a neutrino laser could be a system that traps neutrinos in graphene. And the system sends energy stress to those things. The neutrinos at the bottom of the fullerene tube send radiation forward, and the neutrinos. That is around that structure, which pumps radiation to a beam that travels through the nanotube.

The possibility of creating graphene, or other 2D material layers. That can trap neutrinos, making it possible to create a radar that can see atoms from a new perspective. In some ideas, the neutrino can be trapped in a photon. The photon forms the tensor that is used to send energy signals to the neutrino. And the neutrino sends its extra energy to that photon. The system senses changes in photon brightness. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-single-x-ray-strike-is-enough-to-destroy-an-entire-molecule/

https://scitechdaily.com/illuminating-science-x-rays-visualize-how-one-of-natures-strongest-bonds-breaks/

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-physicists-propose-first-ever-neutrino-laser/

https://scitechdaily.com/its-its-own-new-thing-scientists-discover-new-state-of-quantum-matter/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-watch-an-atoms-nucleus-flip-in-real-time-for-the-first-time/

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

  The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

"Artist’s impression of exoplanet GJ 1132 b and its host M-dwarf star. Credit: Dana Berry, Skyworks Digital, CfA"

"JWST confirms GJ 1132 b lacks an atmosphere. This challenges the habitability of planets around M-dwarfs."

(ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere. And that causes some kind of re-estimation of the habitability of the M-type stars. Those M-type stars have violent eruptions that can raise the temperatures of their entire solar systems. Those solar systems are always quite small, and if the planet is in the habitable zone, that means it's locked because of tidal forces. 

The GJ 1132 b is almost a so-called hot Earth. That means there might not be a lifeform. But another question is, can we escalate those observations to other red dwarfs? Red dwarfs, or M-spectral class stars, are not all similar. Some of them are more active than others. 

If the planet is very young, that can explain the lack of atmosphere. The volcanic activity can explain the smoke or fog around the exoplanet GJ 1132 b. Or that slightly larger than Earth exoplanet can pull solar wind from its star, GJ 1132, an M4-type red dwarf, around it. This means the planet’s gravity pulls the gas that the red dwarf sends around it. And if the GJ 1132 b has a magnetosphere that pulls plasma around it. This means G J1132 b borrows its atmosphere from the star GJ 1132. 

The M-6 spectral Class star Proxima Centauri is under the influence of Alpha Centauri, and that means Alpha Centauri A and B’s star wind can affect Proxima Centauri and blow its atmosphere away. Or the gravitational effect of the bigger parts of this triple star system’s larger participants. Can pull the Proxima Centauri atmosphere off. The reaction can go like this. 

"Artist’s impression of GJ 1132 b – which now should be updated given its definitive lack of atmosphere. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt" (ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

"Comparison of best-fit size of the exoplanet GJ 1132 b with the Solar System planet Earth, as reported in the Open Exoplanet Catalogue of 2015-11-14.  Open Exoplanet Catalogue (2015-11-14). Retrieved on 2015-11-14." (Wikipedia, GJ 1132 b)

Radiation from a binary star made the red dwarf shine brighter. That made M-star blow its atmosphere larger. Then the gravity and solar wind blew that material away. Some M-stars are more active than others. There are many variables that determine if a planet can have an atmosphere. If the red dwarf is very young, that means it's more active than older red dwarfs. Another thing is this. Planet formation is similar around red dwarfs as it was in our solar system. The planet that forms around M-type stars must have time to freeze.

The difference between M-stars and spectral class G-stars is that red dwarfs formed from a more mature nebula than G-stars. Those interplanetary nebulae formed when stars exploded as novae and supernovae. That means there are more heavy elements in the red dwarf system than in the G-type star systems. That means, there could also be more radioactive isotopes in those planets than in G-type stars’ planets. This could cause an effect. That some of those rocky planets are hotter than they should be. But that is hard to prove. 

The red dwarf could also form in a binary star system when the star’s heliospheres touch each other. That can cause the small star forms in that whirl. There is also a possibility that a red dwarf travels around space, and some bigger star traps it into its gravity field. The red dwarf can also steal planets from bigger stars' solar systems. If they travel close to the distant planets of the larger stars, those red dwarfs can take those planets to orbit around themselves. 

They can also trap rogue planets in their gravity field. There is a possibility that the Proxima Centauri planets originally orbited Alpha Centauri. Then Proxima trapped them in orbit around itself. 

https://scitechdaily.com/jwst-solves-the-mystery-earth-like-planet-gj-1132-b-has-no-atmosphere/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback.

    The Beyraktar drone makes its comeback. 

Above: “ A Ukrainian TB2 drone armed with precision-guided weapons.” (Eurasian Times)

At the beginning of the Ukrainian war, the Beyraktar drone was the key element in the defense. Then, Russian electronic warfare systems made that drone unable to operate, but the Beyraktar TB-2 may be back in business. The question is this: Are those Beyraktars the same that operated during the early Russian attack? There is a possibility that those drones are updated. The Beyraktar-type drones are large, and they can carry sub-drones or independent, AI-controlled kamikaze drones. 

Or those Beyraktars can have an improved ability to cooperate with drone swarms and track missile sites. And especially sites that operate fiber drones. Or maybe their mission is to search Russian ECM stations and destroy them. Those drones can also operate. In maritime patrol duties. Recently, a Beyraktar drone sank a vessel in Black Sea. 

There is a possibility that those large-sized drones can also operate as decoys or larger kamikaze drones. The purpose of those drones is to make the Russians attack it. The larger-sized drones can carry larger. And more powerful computers than small-sized drones. When we think about Beyraktars, there is a possibility that there are also jet-powered versions of that drone. Another possibility is that the larger drone will carry Beyraktar to a strike distance from the target. The Beyraktar is a system that can carry an AI-based image recognition and attack system. 

The carrier vehicle can carry that drone deep into the Russian airspace. The AI-based system. Makes it possible to select. And attack targets independently. Those drones will not need radio communication. Or GPS. They can use optical digital scene-matching area correlation. Those are terrain contour-matching systems, boosted with aided inertial navigation systems, TERCOM/TAINS, which make those systems independent. from the GPS. The system uses the landmarks and inertial to navigate to the target. 

A radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG, gives unlimited operational time for drones. 

And then the system can drop parasite drones near the target, and Beyraktar can make a kamikaze mission against those targets. These kinds of systems are possible. The reason why. There are so many “maybes” in this text. Is this. There must be some kind of reason. Why Ukrainians return to that old system for operational use. There is a possibility that this kind of drone also has unlimited operational capacity. 

Those drones can use electric engines and a radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG. The RTG gives electricity to the systems. And those systems can operate for a very long time. The Voyager space probe uses the RTG generator. Which has delivered electricity for almost 50 years. That means a propeller or blower using a drone can operate for almost unlimited time. The blower gives  a higher speed for the drone. And that kind of stealth drone can be almost invisible. Those drones. Will not leave infrared marking, and their small size helps them survive. 

https://www.eurasiantimes.com/bayraktar-tb2-drone-made-a-comeback-in-ukraine/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP-5_Flamingo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

The mosaic model can be a novel approach to creating AI.

   The mosaic model can be a novel approach to creating AI. 

The regular model for creating AI is the large language model, or LLM. That means that. Developers must have control over large data masses. And large code structures. All large code structures are complicated. Because they involve a lot of code. And there are always some kind of errors in the code. That means, when the number of code lines increases, there are more possibilities to make errors. Making the AI is like making a statue. When the system turns more sophisticated. And more advanced, the development process turns slower. When we want to make statues, the first steps are always fast.

 But when we are closing the goal, finishing details takes more and more time. The finishing process just before the statue or product is ready for delivery to customers. Takes most of the time in the development process. The same way. Finishing and detecting errors from the data structure takes most of the time in the programming process. The problem is this: the LLM requires many event handlers. And each event handler is an independent algorithm. That means LLM is a large number of algorithms that operate as a whole. 

The problem is that the LLM rises like dough. That means there are more and more algorithms that must operate as one system. And when the code mass. And the data mass that the system operates on is both large. There can be lots of errors. The AI is a tool that can detect errors in other programs. But the system is not very effective if it must search for errors in its own code. The outsider algorithm can make error detection. AI needs a model. That it can compare its code to. With the code model. Actually, the outsider AI makes the comparison process with two other language models. 

And the problem is: when a new AI model comes. There are no models that the developers can compare their code to. Without models, it is impossible to compare even billions of code lines, which can involve minimal errors. But when there are billions of code lines, and let’s say. There is an error in 1000 lines; searching those codes is a long-term process. That requires carefulness. 

The modular, mosaic model helps expand the AI. 

The mosaic structure or the morphing neural network. That can involve multiple independently operating small language models. It can make it possible to make a flexible and elastic system. Every brick in the mosaic structure is an independently operating server that runs an independent small language model, SLM. Each SLM is a module that involves a certain skill. If the system doesn’t need a module. It can put the server that runs the module into sleeping mode. That makes it more energy efficient.  When developers want to give a new skill to the AI. They can make a new SLM and then connect. That thing to the entirety. 

Researchers say that the future belongs to small language models, SLMs. SLMs are lighter; they involve less code, which makes the development process easier to handle. The SLMs can also operate as a whole. This means: each SLM can operate independently. But those things can also form the virtual entirety. That entirety is like a mosaic. Each SLM has certain skills. When the user sends signals to the system, the SLM knows. If it has that skill or capacity. If the SLM doesn’t have a match. That system forwards the message to another language model, which has the database. That involves data about the SLMs and their skills. And the system sends that information to SLM, which can make the job. 

The idea is that each bite of the mosaic can be written independently. Which means developers can make new modules for AI. And then collect them into  a mosaic. The mosaic-type developing means that. Programmers can control the code better. That also decreases electric use, because if those modules or parts of the mosaic are not required, the system can put its servers to sleep. A mosaic model or morphing neural network structure allows developers to make an elastic and flexible system. 

The Fermi Paradox, the ultimate test.

   The Fermi Paradox, the ultimate test. 

Scientists suggest that all alien civilizations will collapse. Before they reach interstellar flight capacity. That is one of the things that causes big worries. Because we are also one of the civilizations. What makes us different than those still hypothetical aliens, who create a super weapon and then turn it against their own population. This is one of the things. Those are not very often mentioned. This is the thing. Called the final test in the civilization's ability to reach the Kardashev scale 2. The final test is this. The civilization must stop wars before it reaches Kardashev scale 1, which means it can travel in its solar system. The Kardashev scale 2 means that civilization can travel between stars. 

The big test is in the case. Where civilization faces some kind of ultimate threat, like a rogue planet. That enters their solar system. They must detonate that planet, or it will cause a lot of destruction. That requires an ability to create antimatter weapons or relativistic ammunition. The relativistic ammunition will be sent through the large linear accelerator. The satellites that go together like LEGOs. And they involve the channel that forms a giant particle accelerator. Or the so-called Gauss track. The RKV ammunition can be. The metal needle that the magnetic system accelerates to a speed. That is about 20-50% of the speed of light. 

When that ammunition hits the target, even a large planet will be destroyed. The anti-matter weapon can be a particle accelerator that uses photon-accelerated positrons. Another version is the small magnetic tank, where those positrons can hover. The railgun can shoot that tank against that incoming planet. Those systems are tools. That can turn evil. In the wrong hands. Those superweapons are tools. That power-hungry actors can use as blackmail the entire civilization. The thing that destroys those civilizations is the war against their own colonies. There is a possibility that those colonies. 

This civilization uses those colonies. To exploit its solar system’s resources. Can turn rebellious. There can be power-hungry leaders who prosecute their home planet for colonialism. And that can turn this Kardashev scale 1 civilization into a civil war. Another question is this. Can this thing be the end of human civilization? If the ultimate end of civilization is civil war, how can we be an exception? When we talk about things like the costs of interstellar flight, we face the fact that there are always points where the money doesn’t mean. 

First, this hypothetical alien civilization might have a different culture. And maybe they don’t care about money. And the point when their star starts to expand is the ultimate final point. Civilization must create ships that take those creatures to other solar systems. Or they will face extinction. The highly advanced civilization can use zombie stars as a power source. They must only drive material to the white dwarfs or the neutron star’s shell. But they must survive the supernova or nova eruption. That can be very violent. The question is always this. 

Can we avoid that situation? Well, the fact is this: sooner or later, our Sun will expand into a red giant. In this case, the sun will destroy our planet. If our descendants exist. They must move away, or the red giant burns them in an inferno that we cannot even imagine. When the sun uses its fuel. That star known as the Sun explodes as a nova. The result is a white dwarf. Maybe. Our descendants can create space stations. that can survive that event. And then they can start to drive material, like ions, to the white dwarf shell. Or they can create lots of solar sails and send those crafts to the galaxy using the nova eruption as a booster. 

When we talk about things like generation ships. We face one. Very big assumption. We always think. Those crews that travel with those slow spaceships are sent by a civilization that waits for them to return. The thing is that there is a possibility that those crews left from the solar systems that were destroyed a long time ago. That means those ships might have left their solar system in the final moment. And that means there might be nothing waiting for those crews. That is one hypothesis that should make us afraid. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/09/weve-hit-the-universal-limit-scientist-claims-all-alien-civilizations-collapse-before-reaching-interstellar-travel-while-humanity-approaches-technological-dead-end/